The wall behind the stove! Option to protect a wooden house from accidental fire

How to protect the walls of a bathhouse from the heat of a stove - technologies and materials

When planning the construction of a bathhouse, it is important to remember to create safety indoors.
First of all, this concerns fire safety. By melting the bathhouse, the stove can be heated to 300-400°C, which significantly exceeds the combustion temperature of the wood from which the bathhouse is most often built. Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove is not always required. For example, you can provide a distance between the wall and the stove, which will allow you to achieve fire safety without additional protection. The fact is that at some distance the IR rays emitted by the furnace begin to dissipate, which significantly reduces their impact on nearby surfaces.

The distance from the stove to the wall in the bathhouse varies depending on the type of stove:

• 0.32 m or more - the distance for a stone oven with quarter-brick masonry;
• 0.7 m or more is the required distance between the wall and the metal furnace lined with fireclay or brick from the inside;
• 1 m or more is a safe distance for an unlined metal furnace.

At first glance, it seems that creating such a distance is much easier than installing additional protection, but this is fundamentally wrong. Maintaining a safe distance is only advisable in large steam rooms, but in small private baths, the stove, including the indentations, will occupy most of the room, so it will be much easier to use insulation.

A feature of modern sauna stoves is their heating temperature, which can reach 400 degrees.

An important indicator of the efficiency of the furnace is instant heating of the body and maximum heat transfer.

The entire heating process is accompanied by the release of infrared radiation, which is distributed on surfaces adjacent to the furnace. Under the influence of high temperatures, the wooden structure of the bathhouse can char or ignite.

This is why it is so important to ensure that wooden surfaces are reliably insulated from the heat of the stove. A protective screen and casing made of fire-resistant materials are suitable for this.

An urgent need to install additional protective elements arises in cases of non-compliance with the fire-safe distance between the stove and the surfaces adjacent to it.

At an unsafe distance, the infrared radiation released when heating sauna stoves hits the walls and is not scattered. This leads to damage to wooden surfaces or a fire hazard in general.

So the distance from the wall to the stove:

• made of brick - 35 cm;
• made of metal (without interior decoration) – 100 cm;
• made of metal (with interior decoration made of brick or fireclay tiles) - up to 70 cm.

In small rooms where it is not possible to maintain a safe distance from the wall to the stove, it is more rational to install a protective screen or casing.

A budget option for a bathhouse is a log house, built from timber or using frame technology. Heating devices are built into partitions; the rooms have small dimensions to retain heat. Therefore, in bathhouses, comprehensive fire protection for stoves and fireplaces is used using all of the specified materials.

Fireproof cuttings with loose, sheet, and mineral wool filler are installed in the units where chimneys pass through floors and roofs. Screens are mounted on wooden walls or built around a heating device.

In the absence of specialized education, it is better to choose fire protection for stoves and fireplaces with the help of free consultations from our store employees. This will provide a number of benefits:

• construction budget adjustment
• adequate warranty from the fire protection manufacturer
• absolute fire safety of the home/bath
• selection according to specific operating conditions
• increasing living comfort

Write down the number of our specialist, add the resource page to your browser bookmarks, and call us today. This will allow you to plan your budget and avoid the risk of fire in supporting structures.

The best ways to protect walls from a stove in your home

Protecting the walls in the house from the stove is one of the main works that you should pay attention to when finishing the room.
Therefore, it is important to familiarize yourself with the requirements of building regulations to ensure the necessary clearances from the stove in the building and responsibly comply with them. Wooden baths require especially careful compliance with fire safety rules when arranging them. The source of the fire can be anything, an unextinguished cigarette, coals falling from the furnace of the firebox, an uncleaned chimney, but the main source of threat remains the stove itself.

The surface of the stove heats up to 300° - 400°, the heat falls on the wooden walls, which leads to their excessive heating and charring. It is extremely difficult to stop the process of ignition of wooden surfaces; the best way to avoid a fire is to prevent it. There are two truly effective ways to insulate the surface of wooden walls from the heat of sauna stoves - protective equipment in the form of a screen or the construction of special cladding from non-combustible materials.

Table of contents

Installing a stove is a complex process and requires a lot of attention to each stage, from preparing the installation site to the nuances of removing the chimney pipe from the roof. In this article we will talk about how to properly insulate a wooden wall from a steel or cast iron stove. Any wood has a predisposition to ignition, so a constantly hot stove design can easily cause a fire.

Any builder understands that insulating the wooden wall behind the stove is a mandatory process. Let's look at an example of installing a Bavaria stove-fireplace on a wooden floor next to a wooden wall. The furnace does not have a separate foundation, so a light base for a metal structure is required. The base for the stove will be laid out with bricks in one layer.

In this case, wall insulation can be done in two versions: asbestos cement sheets or flame sheets (non-hot composition). There are several opinions about asbestos - sometimes they say that they emit toxic fumes. But flamm has its drawbacks: they have standard sheet sizes of 600x1200 mm, which can be inconvenient when working, and also in terms of price they do not beat asbestos cement at all.

get rid of the existing partition, replace it with a fireproof one and cover it with tiles or stone. You can also place a screen and use a circular saw to remove the wood on the partition completely. Next, finish with tiles, plaster or paint. There is no doubt that the tree needs to be removed. After all, if you cover it with non-flammable materials on top, there is still a chance that the wooden surface will ignite.

In this case, it is better not to take risks and remove the partition from wood. Thermal radiation from the oven will not only be from the back wall. Lateral radiation will also emit radiation onto the wall at a distance of 0.8-1 meter. You should carefully read the installation instructions - the manufacturer describes everything very clearly there, including what concerns safety. For example, when a stove with a glass door is on and there is a chair next to it, it is better to move it further away (more than 1 meter).

Initially, the base for the stove was supposed to be one brick thick, but such a thickness for a wooden floor is not very good. Regarding the non-combustible partition, you should also note the importance of the situation - where the chimney will go, at what distance from the beams, walls and rafters. In the area of ​​this Bavaria stove, it is best to use a concrete slab as a base - lay it along the beams, flush with the floors or a little more - it will turn out like a podium, reliable and ensuring safety.

However, the bottom of this stove practically does not warm up; there is an additional part for firewood, which takes on the heat. Therefore, you can make it simpler - lay mineralite or CSP on the floor, then tiles or porcelain tiles on mastic or hot melt adhesive. In places where the chimney pipe is laid, you can use basalt, non-flammable or kaolin wool.

Cotton wool plays the role of additional insulation and is placed in the ceiling section. In this case, you should make an opening in the ceiling - in accordance with safety standards - from the contour of the two-layer pipe - sandwich, 250 mm in different directions. The furnace cutting should be made of non-combustible materials - superisol, mineralite, calcium silicate, vermiculite. When passing through a chimney pipe, the groove should be filled with cotton wool.

It is, of course, very difficult to get rid of a beautiful partition, because it was built for aesthetics, a lot of time was spent on it, but if it was decided to install a metal stove against this wall, then you should get rid of the additional threat of fire of wooden parts.

Facing materials are often made from cement, the complete hardening of which can take several years. As a result, even after the work has been completed, changes in size, bends and deflections may be observed. Some manufacturing companies (for example,), use an effective and efficient method of keeping facing materials in an autoclave in a high-temperature, high-pressure oven. And it turns out that shrinkage due to drying and expansion by exposure to heat can be avoided, and reliable strength is also ensured.

Those same Nitikha panels are made from fiber cement, a universal material that consists of 90% cement and 10% cellulose fibers and various mineral fillers. In this case, technology without the use of asbestos is used by pressing the ingredients.

Panels of this type are environmentally friendly; their production does not use formaldehyde resins, chlorine compounds or asbestos. Fiber cement has excellent fire-resistant properties; it fully fits into the category of non-combustible materials. Fiber cement siding has many advantages, including the fact that it can easily be used to select various design variations, and it is also easy to install. Instead of mineralite, you can also use glass magnetic sheets - this is a more budget option.

Here's another example of making a fire-resistant wall located behind the fireplace:

• treating the wall with fire protection (about 5 layers);
• fireproof mats are attached with a stapler;
• The slabs are attached through ceramic bushings - there are gaps at the bottom and top.

The decorative panels available are slightly flammable according to the fire classification. It turns out that only a 5 mm layer of basalt cardboard really protects the wall from fire. However, the oven is convection in nature and its outer surface does not heat up much. If you follow the manufacturer's instructions, it will not heat up more than 60 degrees.

You can pay attention to the color of the first mono-pipe; the most furnace heat emanates from it. From the floor to the sandwich pipe, the wall should be reliably covered with super-insulation, especially since the stove is installed close to the wooden partition. In this case, when thermally insulating the partition, you should also pay attention to the cutting.

You also need to be careful about fiber cement boards; they come in two types: moisture-resistant for the facade and for landscaping fire-resistant partitions (the second option is gray in color, there is no paint or pattern).

Minerite panels, painted with acrylic (sometimes even in several layers, 5-6), belong to the category of low flammability and low combustion support. Because of the acrylic, the entire slab cannot be classified as “non-flammable”, and this is very bad; such panels, supposedly resistant to fire, are often used just when it is necessary to insulate wooden walls behind the stove - mineralite panels coated with acrylic look It’s beautiful, but, unfortunately, it won’t reliably save you from a fire.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the project of aerated concrete bathhouse, pros and cons (6x4, 6x6)

If it suddenly turns out that you bought mineralite coated with acrylic, then you need to get rid of such “protection” of the wall. You should dismantle the panels - this is not difficult, in their place you glue gray classic mineralite onto a galvanized profile, and then terracotta tiles are glued onto it using heat-resistant tile adhesive. With such reliable thermal insulation you can sleep peacefully.

It also happens that gypsum board is used as protection. If the gypsum board is not protected by anything, then it will not play the role of high-quality thermal insulation. If the gypsum board is fixed to a tree with a metal profile, and tiles are attached on top of the gypsum board, then such protection is possible. Bare gypsum board should not be used for such purposes; its flammability class is G1, not NG (non-flammable). When installing, it is necessary to take into account the distance from the stove to the wall.

If the oven is operating normally, nothing should happen in any way. But the fire safety measures specified in the stove manufacturer’s passport must be observed. The distances to fireproof and combustible structures are clearly stated there. Gypsum is a good heat insulator, but its features should be taken into account.

If the wall is wooden and gypsum board is attached close to it, therefore, when it is heated, dampness will form behind it, since the wall is cold. The wall itself also shakes - the tree always lives its own life at different humidity levels and temperature fluctuations in the environment. The profile is necessary not only to create an air ventilation channel behind it, but also for the durability of the entire structure. The tile adhesive needed here is one that is suitable for heated floors.

It is imperative to take into account fire safety standards when installing important distances. If you calculate the distance from the metal firebox to the wall, then it is more logical to add another 65 mm to such offsets - this is the thickness of the brick, which any metal stove does not have.

It turns out that the open setback to the unprotected wooden part is 320 mm (65 mm), resulting in 385 mm - this is the minimum value.

To the protected wooden part 260 mm (65 mm), and a minimum of 325 mm is obtained.

Treatment of wood with fire-fighting compounds

Fire protection of a house involves treating its structures by applying special compounds to a wooden surface, or even impregnating logs or beams with them. During combustion or incandescence, the fire-resistant coating of wood begins to produce inert gases that protect the wood from fire, for example, by forming a layer of a special heat-insulating mixture.

Or preventing the access of oxygen to the site of fire. In addition to such fire-retardant impregnating compounds for structural elements protected from water, impregnation of open parts of engineering structures with a special paint and varnish composition is also used. There are also special non-flammable insulation materials for walls and ceilings that can help in case of fire.

In wooden houses, rafters, floor beams, places and structures in contact with fire hazardous elements (stove, electrical wiring, fireplace) are treated with a fire retardant compound. Then it is advisable to process all frame partitions and all interfloor ceilings. Voids in structures are stimulants for the spread of fire during a fire; they cause draft and “stretch” the fire, heating up the fire.

Do you need a foundation for a metal stove in a country house?

Metal stoves are popular due to their ease of installation and light weight, which makes installation easier. There are rules that stipulate under what conditions it will be necessary to pour a foundation:

• Light weight of the product – a steel stove, even of high power, weighs up to 80 kg. The housing may be installed on a solid, non-combustible base. No foundation required.
• Furnaces up to 750 kg - according to SNiP, heat generators (which include cast iron products) of average weight can be installed on a concrete pad. A foundation is not required, but is recommended due to the large mass of the heater.
• Stoves over 750 kg - the weight of heavier types of stoves made of cast iron usually does not exceed 300-400 kg. Therefore, if stove heating equipment is installed without cladding, a foundation is not required. Covering the structure with brick or natural stone increases the overall weight. Just 1 m³ of brickwork weighs about 1350 kg. After calculating the volume, a decision is made on the advisability of using a foundation.

It is not difficult to correctly install a metal stove in a wooden house with your own hands. To correctly place the stove and determine the need for a foundation, you will need to consult a qualified stove builder.

On the construction market, the most common metal protective screens are made of steel or cast iron. Many manufacturers of iron furnaces provide thermal insulation for their products, providing them with special casings.

Choosing protective screens is quite simple, because depending on the side of the furnace to be insulated, you can purchase a front or side panel. Installing such screens will also not cause difficulties, because the manufacturer provides special legs that can be easily attached to the floor.

Next we should talk about the installation rules. The panels themselves are installed at a distance of 1-5 cm from the stove, but a distance to the adjacent wall is also required. Protective screens reduce the radiated temperature to 80-100°C, which allows them to be installed 50 cm from a parallel wall.

SNiP standards for the location of the furnace from the walls

The standards for these requirements are specified in 2 main documents:

• SNiP III-G.11-62;
• SNiP 2.04.05-91.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with: Do-it-yourself sauna stove made from a pipe: homemade horizontal and vertical stoves, how to weld a sauna stove, how to make drawings, photos and videos

By maintaining the minimum dimensions, or better yet, making gaps with a small margin, every owner of a wooden house can be sure that its walls and ceiling are protected from high temperatures.

One of the main methods of protection is the manufacture of devices installed to protect the front and side surfaces near the stove itself.

Fire automatics

Installing a fire safety system is your choice; it is not a mandatory element for everyone. This is a desirable system. But if you decide to install such a fire protection system, then this should be done in accordance with all the requirements of the relevant standards and SNiP. Only this will ensure their maximum effectiveness. Half solutions are ineffective.

Numerous practical cases indicate that a timely signal about the start of a fire will prevent a more destructive fire. The damage from such a fire is not comparable to the resources, both monetary and mental, sufficient to install a fire safety system. If you “save money” on this, then the most disastrous results are possible.

It must be taken into account that, for example, by installing the simplest and most inexpensive smoke detector in distribution cabinets of electrical networks, you can prevent the fire itself and reduce the likelihood of a fire. In any home, according to statistics, the main source of household fires is electrical wiring. It should be well arranged, well insulated.

In a country house, you can also install a fire sensor in technical fire-hazardous rooms. This is a boiler room, a garage, a flight of stairs, a cold storage room and other rooms. If an electronic fire alarm system is installed, then for its effectiveness it is necessary to have reliable (serviceable, in working order) primary fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguishers, a shovel, a hook, a box of sand). This is provided for by the basics of fire safety and will not require any great effort.

it has a low price (compared to other types of fire extinguishers), it is easy to maintain, and it is environmentally friendly. Most of these modules can operate in electric auto-start mode (based on a fire sensor signal) or in self-start mode (if the temperature rises to a critical value, the value of which was initially set in the system). Such modules have a place in fire-hazardous technical rooms (boiler room, garage, etc.).

The powder module, complete with electronic control, stands out as a separate automatic fire extinguishing system. It can also act as an integral part of a fire security system if its output is combined with the input of an automatic fire extinguishing system. Recently, the concept of “smart home” has been used.

Brick screens

The furnace fence in the steam room can also be made of brick. A brick screen can be installed on all sides of a metal furnace, forming a protective lining. Also, such a screen can only be installed between the flammable surface and the stove, representing a protective wall.

Having decided to lay such protection, use solid fireclay bricks, for the binding of which you can use clay or cement mortar. Typically, half-brick masonry (120 mm) is used, but due to lack of material, quarter-brick masonry (60 mm) is suitable. When using the latter installation method, remember that the thermal insulation properties of such a screen are reduced, so the distance to the wall should be increased.

This finishing of an iron stove in a bathhouse is also carried out in compliance with certain rules:

• In the lower part of the shield it is necessary to provide special openings that will ensure air convection between the furnace wall and the brick;
• The height of the brick wall should exceed the height of the stove by 20 cm, but it is often built right up to the ceiling;
• Maintain a distance of 5-15 cm between the stove and brick screens;
• There should also be a distance of 5-15 cm between the flammable surface, for example, a wall and a brick protection.

When is protection needed at all?

The need to install protective casings and screens does not always arise. If a fire-safe distance is maintained between the stove and the nearest flammable surface, additional protection is not needed. At this distance, the IR rays are scattered, weakened, and the amount of them that the wooden wall receives can no longer lead to damage.

It is believed that the safe distance from the wall to the brick stove (quarter-brick laying) is at least 0.32 m, from the wall to the metal stove (not lined) - at least 1 m. For a metal stove lined from the inside with brick or fireclay, the distance decreases to 0.7 m.

Related article: How to hang a curtain rod on the wall

Thus, maintaining fire safety distances is more possible in large baths, where the issue of saving space is not relevant. In family steam rooms, where every centimeter of space counts, installing a stove 0.3-1 m from the nearest walls is impractical. In this case, the safety distances established by the standards must be reduced using screens and casings.

Wooden houses: insure, be sure to insure...

• electrical wiring is made of double-insulated wire; • fireplaces, stoves with cracks, faulty doors and drafts are not used; • floors, walls and partitions have the necessary fire insulation; • there are electrical supply projects approved (by the relevant authorities with approvals and permits) , heating, all necessary permits.

Traditionally, insurers insure a wooden house against risks: explosion, lightning, fire, flood, natural disaster, theft (burglary), robbery, robbery, falling trees (poles), collision with a vehicle. A full package of such insurance for a wooden house will cost approximately half a percent of the market value of the house. Please take into account that the possible damage from a fire will not be much less.

Reflective wall cladding

You can assemble this version of protective casing yourself. To do this, you will need a non-flammable thermal insulation material, which will be discussed in more detail below, as well as a sheet of stainless steel.

Stainless steel can be replaced with a cheaper option - galvanization, however, when heated, it can release harmful substances, so we strongly do not recommend using it. When starting work, secure the insulation to the wall, and then cover it with a metal sheet.

To ensure that such thermal insulation for a sauna stove is as productive as possible, polish the metal surface. This will allow IR rays to be better reflected back into the steam room, and the reflected rays will be better perceived by humans.

You can use the following materials as thermal insulation:

• Basalt wool is absolutely safe for baths. It retains heat well, in addition, it is highly hygroscopic and does not burn at all;
• Basalt cardboard is a good option for a bathhouse. It consists of thin sheets of basalt fiber that retain heat well and do not burn;
• Asbestos cardboard is a strong and durable heat insulator, which is also suitable for a bathhouse;
• Minerite for baths is also an excellent material. Non-combustible plates are specially manufactured for shielding hot surfaces in baths and saunas;

Before covering the wall near the stove in the bathhouse, familiarize yourself with the correct technology for its construction. The most important thing is the installation order and compliance with the gaps.

The ideal design has the following structure:

1. Wall;
2. The ventilation gap is 2-3 cm;
3. Insulation 1-2 cm;
4. Stainless steel sheet.

Remember that the total distance from the wall to the stove must be more than 38 cm. For fastening, use ceramic bushings that will help form ventilation gaps. If the distance between the wall and the stove is minimal, then it is necessary to use two layers of mineralite slabs, between which a gap must also be left.

Installation of a sauna stove with a remote firebox in a steam room made of flammable material

The simplest situation is when you do not have to replace part of the wall. However, if the walls of the steam room are sheathed with wood, you will have to remove this sheathing on part of the wall. The base - stone or concrete - is not a combustible material, so the hole that will be made in it depends solely on the parameters of the outlet channel of a particular furnace.

The expansion of metal when heated is the reason to make the opening a centimeter or two wider than the dimensions of the channel itself. The empty space between it and the wall is filled with refractory, and not only basalt wool, but also asbestos cord will do.

We have already mentioned the finishing of non-combustible walls with wood (lining, false beams, etc.). The minimum distance to which it should be removed is 25 cm. But make it half a meter and you won’t go wrong. And in height - 25 cm above the edge of the stove.

In the photo, the gang is standing with one edge on a shelf, holding the stove with its handle, and the distance to unprotected flammable materials should be at least half a meter. What is behind the stove is a sheet of metal, possibly on top of the refractory, but you need to leave a gap between the wall and the refractory (ceramic bushings for this). The size of this sheet is a little small - if we take the diameter of the chimney as 12 cm, then the sheet extends beyond the stove up and to the side by no more than 20 cm. Another five would be nice).

The edges of the lining are covered with platband. The bare wall inside the steam room can be decorated with tiles, the kind that can withstand high temperatures, or with natural stone - do not forget that the stove is very close to the wall. Plaster is also good. A portal is usually made in an adjacent room.

The size of the hole that will have to be cut in the wall made of wood is significantly larger than the previous one. We are talking about an opening within which a small brick wall will be built. It is she who will be in contact with the furnace channel.

The minimum opening dimensions when installing a sauna stove with an external firebox are calculated as follows:

• It is better to calculate the height, as before, from the top edge of the stove, adding a minimum of 25 cm to it;
• the width consists of the width of the fuel channel, expansion gaps (1-2 cm on both sides) and a minimum of 25 cm under the brickwork. Plus a small gap between the brick and the wooden wall.

Between the channel and the brick, as well as between the brick and the wood of the wall, a refractory must be laid - basalt wool, asbestos cord, and you need to pay attention to the temperature characteristics of the refractory that is in contact with the stove - firewood burns at temperatures up to 1000 degrees, the insulator must withstand these temperatures, Therefore, glass wool is definitely not suitable.

Above we talked about the option when the installation of a sauna stove with a remote firebox is not carried out in one of the corners of the steam room. That is, there is contact with only one wall. But it also happens that it is more convenient for the owner to place the stove in the very corner. And if the walls are made of wood, then you will have to protect not one, but two.

The distance to the adjacent wall can be reduced to 25 cm if a refractory sheet is hung on it.

In another article we talked about single and double sheets of mineralite. So, a double one with an air gap allows you to place the stove at a distance of 12 cm from the wall.

To prevent the walls from overheating, you can use materials with increased thermal insulation properties and inertness to high temperatures. Two types of materials are used:

1. reflective;
2. fireproof with lining.

The first type includes materials for wall cladding, consisting of thermal insulation with fire-resistant properties and a metal covering in the form of a sheet.

A protective cake with reflective materials is done this way. First, the thermal insulation is attached using ceramic bushings directly to the wooden walls, then it is sewn up with a stainless steel sheet.

Advice! It is better not to use galvanized metal, since heating may release heavy metals harmful to the human body.

Stainless steel with a polished surface reflects the heat flow inside the steam room, reducing heat loss. In this case, reflected heat is more useful than direct heat. For thermal insulation use:

• basalt cardboard or cotton wool, the only material with increased hygroscopicity, non-flammable, environmentally friendly;
• asbestos cardboard, which reliably protects against flames and has a long service life;
• mineralite, an artificial material made specifically for these purposes.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the spacious bathhouse made of double timber plan

Protective sheathing requires ventilation gaps of 2 cm from the wall to the insulation, 2 cm from the insulation to the steel sheet. If it is necessary to install the stove as close to the wall as possible, make a double skin of non-combustible insulation, use ceramic bushings to maintain gaps of 2-3 cm and sew them up with a steel sheet.

Measures to protect walls with cladding are necessary in order to preserve the interior decoration of the room. They are more expensive, but no one has canceled the aesthetic advantages of the bathhouse. It is based on tile cladding, which is laid on fire-resistant cladding made of gypsum plasterboard, non-deformable gypsum-based cardboard with fiberglass, mineralite, non-flammable cement-fiber material, moisture-resistant and resistant to biochemical influences, LSU, fiberglass material bound with magnesium additives, resistant to high temperatures, high humidity. Heat-resistant glue is used for installation.

Advice! Use heat-resistant reinforced Terracotta glue, made from fireclay dust bound with kaolin additives, intended for tiling stoves, fireplaces, and all heated surfaces.

The recommended facing materials are quite varied, the best of them are:

• terracotta tiles, they are made from specially fired clay, which gives increased heat resistance and durability;
• clinker, denser clay tiles with a surface of various colors, similar to facing bricks;
• tiles, also made from clay, having an original embossed surface;
• porcelain stoneware made from a mixture of clays, kaolins, quartz sand, feldspars by high-temperature firing under a pressure of 400-500 kg/cm², with imitation of stone, wood, durable artificial material;
• soap chloride, a rock mineral consisting of talc, magnesite and chlorite, an environmentally friendly natural material that does not absorb moisture at all, has an attractive appearance, does not crumble, and is not afraid of high temperatures.

Advice! Use soap chloride to finish the steam room, this mineral has a healing effect on the human body, regulates blood pressure, stimulates cerebral circulation, expels viruses and microbes due to the release of vitamin D when heated.

All of the listed tiles are an element of protection that forms a cake, the basis of which is a fire-resistant material. Just like a screen, sheet material is installed on ceramic bushings with a gap of 2-3 cm from the wall. The minimum distance to the heat source from the tile should be 20cm.

Protection with cladding decorates the room, creates a positive mood, and helps to increase the efficiency of procedures. And most importantly, properly installed insulation prevents wooden walls from overheating and catching fire. Have a nice steam!

Table of contents

To prevent the walls from overheating, you can use materials with increased thermal insulation properties and inertness to high temperatures. Two types of materials are used:

1. reflective;
2. fireproof with lining.

The first type includes materials for wall cladding, consisting of thermal insulation with fire-resistant properties and a metal covering in the form of a sheet.

A protective cake with reflective materials is done this way. First, the thermal insulation is attached using ceramic bushings directly to the wooden walls, then it is sewn up with a stainless steel sheet.

Advice! It is better not to use galvanized metal, since heating may release heavy metals harmful to the human body.

Stainless steel with a polished surface reflects the heat flow inside the steam room, reducing heat loss. In this case, reflected heat is more useful than direct heat. For thermal insulation use:

• basalt cardboard or cotton wool, the only material with increased hygroscopicity, non-flammable, environmentally friendly;
• asbestos cardboard, which reliably protects against flames and has a long service life;
• mineralite, an artificial material made specifically for these purposes.

Protective sheathing requires ventilation gaps of 2 cm from the wall to the insulation, 2 cm from the insulation to the steel sheet. If it is necessary to install the stove as close to the wall as possible, make a double skin of non-combustible insulation, use ceramic bushings to maintain gaps of 2-3 cm and sew them up with a steel sheet.

Measures to protect walls with cladding are necessary in order to preserve the interior decoration of the room. They are more expensive, but no one has canceled the aesthetic advantages of the bathhouse. It is based on tile cladding, which is laid on fire-resistant cladding made of gypsum plasterboard, non-deformable gypsum-based cardboard with fiberglass, mineralite, non-flammable cement-fiber material, moisture-resistant and resistant to biochemical influences, LSU, fiberglass material bound with magnesium additives, resistant to high temperatures, high humidity. Heat-resistant glue is used for installation.

Advice! Use heat-resistant reinforced Terracotta glue, made from fireclay dust bound with kaolin additives, intended for tiling stoves, fireplaces, and all heated surfaces.

The recommended facing materials are quite varied, the best of them are:

• terracotta tiles, they are made from specially fired clay, which gives increased heat resistance and durability;
• clinker, denser clay tiles with a surface of various colors, similar to facing bricks;
• tiles, also made from clay, having an original embossed surface;
• porcelain stoneware made from a mixture of clays, kaolins, quartz sand, feldspars by high-temperature firing under a pressure of 400-500 kg/cm², with imitation of stone, wood, durable artificial material;
• soap chloride, a rock mineral consisting of talc, magnesite and chlorite, an environmentally friendly natural material that does not absorb moisture at all, has an attractive appearance, does not crumble, and is not afraid of high temperatures.

Cladding with cladding

This option is practically no different from the previous one, however, if you don’t know how to decorate the wall behind the stove in the steam room in such a way as to preserve the beauty of the room while creating safe conditions, then this option is undoubtedly for you. Protect the walls using heat-resistant decorative materials laid on thermal insulation.

The finishing around the stove in the bathhouse can be done with the following materials:

• Clinker tiles are made from baked clay. It is characterized by high strength, heat resistance and durability. One of the advantages of this option is also the rich color palette, which includes not only black and white tones, but also blue or green colors;
• Terracotta tiles are also made from clay, but they are inferior to the previous option in terms of density and the number of possible colors;
• Soapstone is a good cladding option for a bathhouse, made from rocks of green and grayish shades. Has good heat resistance and strength;
• Tiles are ordinary ceramic tiles, characterized by good heat resistance and a pattern on their surface;
• Porcelain tiles are heat-resistant tiles that imitate natural stone or wood.

The tile will not dissipate heat, protecting the walls from fire, so it cannot be mounted directly on the wall. We recommend using the following design:

1. Wall;
2. Clearance for ventilation;
3. Fireproof material;
4. Tiles (the distance from the tile to the stove must be at least 15 cm).

Such a “pie” will create reliable protection for walls from heat, preserving the beauty of the room.

One of the following options can be used as a fireproof material:

• Fireproof drywall - made from the same materials as regular drywall, but using fiberglass;
• Minerite slabs for baths are absolutely not exposed to moisture and heat.
• Glass-magnesium sheet - plates made of fiberglass and magnesium binder. Excellent resistance to heat, moisture and noise.

This option will perfectly protect your bathhouse from the possibility of fire, and will also insulate the room, preserving its aesthetic component.

Covering bathhouse walls with non-combustible insulating materials

To prevent the walls from overheating, you can use materials with increased thermal insulation properties and inertness to high temperatures. Two types of materials are used:

1. reflective;
2. fireproof with lining.

The first type includes materials for wall cladding, consisting of thermal insulation with fire-resistant properties and a metal covering in the form of a sheet.

Insulating walls with reflective sheathing

A protective cake with reflective materials is done this way. First, the thermal insulation is attached using ceramic bushings directly to the wooden walls, then it is sewn up with a stainless steel sheet.

Advice! It is better not to use galvanized metal, since heating may release heavy metals harmful to the human body.

Stainless steel with a polished surface reflects the heat flow inside the steam room, reducing heat loss. In this case, reflected heat is more useful than direct heat. For thermal insulation use:

• basalt cardboard or cotton wool, the only material with increased hygroscopicity, non-flammable, environmentally friendly;
• asbestos cardboard, which reliably protects against flames and has a long service life;
• mineralite, an artificial material made specifically for these purposes.

Protective sheathing requires ventilation gaps of 2 cm from the wall to the insulation, 2 cm from the insulation to the steel sheet. If it is necessary to install the stove as close to the wall as possible, make a double skin of non-combustible insulation, use ceramic bushings to maintain gaps of 2-3 cm and sew them up with a steel sheet.

Insulation with cladding

Measures to protect walls with cladding are necessary in order to preserve the interior decoration of the room. They are more expensive, but no one has canceled the aesthetic advantages of the bathhouse. It is based on tile cladding, which is laid on fire-resistant cladding made of gypsum plasterboard, non-deformable gypsum-based cardboard with fiberglass, mineralite, non-flammable cement-fiber material, moisture-resistant and resistant to biochemical influences, LSU, fiberglass material bound with magnesium additives, resistant to high temperatures, high humidity. Heat-resistant glue is used for installation.

Advice! Use heat-resistant reinforced Terracotta glue, made from fireclay dust bound with kaolin additives, intended for tiling stoves, fireplaces, and all heated surfaces.

The recommended facing materials are quite varied, the best of them are:

• terracotta tiles, they are made from specially fired clay, which gives increased heat resistance and durability;
• clinker, denser clay tiles with a surface of various colors, similar to facing bricks;
• tiles, also made from clay, having an original embossed surface;
• porcelain stoneware made from a mixture of clays, kaolins, quartz sand, feldspars by high-temperature firing under a pressure of 400-500 kg/cm², with imitation of stone, wood, durable artificial material;
• soap chloride, a rock mineral consisting of talc, magnesite and chlorite, an environmentally friendly natural material that does not absorb moisture at all, has an attractive appearance, does not crumble, and is not afraid of high temperatures.

Advice! Use soap chloride to finish the steam room, this mineral has a healing effect on the human body, regulates blood pressure, stimulates cerebral circulation, expels viruses and microbes due to the release of vitamin D when heated.

All of the listed tiles are an element of protection that forms a cake, the basis of which is a fire-resistant material. Just like a screen, sheet material is installed on ceramic bushings with a gap of 2-3 cm from the wall. The minimum distance to the heat source from the tile should be 20cm.

List of fireproof materials for finishing walls around stoves

According to fire safety rules, the arrangement around stoves, fireplaces and fuel boilers must be done using fire-resistant special materials, which can simultaneously protect a residential or ancillary building (bathhouse) from possible fire hitting the walls, and at the same time not cause harm to health.

To create a favorable home atmosphere, any stove or fireplace becomes very hot and generates intense heat, which in turn can be a source of ignition or fire. Therefore, it is important to carefully select the right materials when arranging a heat source in a house, bathhouse or basement, if we are talking about a fuel boiler.

Manufacturers and prices

• Basalt fiber panels cost 1 sq. meter - from 390 to 690 rubles. depending on the decor of the front side, produced by ESCAPLAT; On a photo panel made of basalt fiber
• Rolled fire-resistant non-woven material - cost of 1 linear meter from 112 rubles, produced by OgneuporEnergoHolding, LLC, Moscow; Photo Roll Fireproof Nonwoven Fabric
• Non-flammable composition for plastering walls with a volume of 20 liters at a price of 410 rubles per bucket, produced by a company from Perm.

Protective thermal screens

As the main protection of the walls of the bathhouse, heat-resistant screens are used - special insulation shields to cover the side surfaces of the stove and reduce the intensity of the spread of IR radiation in the room.

Screens are divided into two categories: metal and brick.

Protective screen made of sheets of steel or cast iron. It is mounted around the perimeter of the sauna stove, while maintaining small technological gaps (3-5 cm) between the screen and the outer walls of the heating structure to ensure additional air convection.

Depending on the characteristics of the walls of the bathhouse and the type of stove, metal screens can be front and side. Some models of metal stoves are produced with an additional protective casing, which is installed when installing the firebox.

Installation of metal screens is carried out using adjustable legs and secured to the floor with bolts. In addition, the legs allow for clearance at the bottom of the structure for additional ventilation. To increase service life, the screens are coated with a fire-resistant paint layer.

• reduction in the intensity of IR rays;
• improvement of air convection between the oven walls and the screen;
• reduction of the overall heating temperature of the external walls of the heating structure.

A protective screen made of brick is intended for enclosing the walls of a sauna stove.

The masonry is done in ½ brick around the perimeter, maintaining technological gaps of 6 cm. The lower part of the structure is equipped with additional air ducts at a distance of 2.5 cm from each other.

To construct a brick screen for furnaces, heat-resistant fireclay bricks without voids are used. As a connecting mixture - a thick solution of cement or clay.

The finished screen walls should be 22–25 cm higher than the wall of the heating structure.

• low thermal conductivity of the material from which the screen is made;
• resistance to high humidity and high temperatures;
• long-term accumulation of heat in the room;
• receiving soft heat from the stove.

Thermal insulation of a stove from a wooden wall in a house

Protecting the walls in the house from the stove is one of the main works that you should pay attention to when finishing the room. Therefore, it is important to familiarize yourself with the requirements of building regulations to ensure the necessary clearances from the stove in the building and responsibly comply with them.

The standards for these requirements are specified in 2 main documents:

Based on these regulatory documents, each owner of a solid fuel stove is required to maintain minimum clearances from the wall and ceiling, taking into account the surface material:

By maintaining the minimum dimensions, or better yet, making gaps with a small margin, every owner of a wooden house can be sure that its walls and ceiling are protected from high temperatures.

One of the main methods of protection is the manufacture of devices installed to protect the front and side surfaces near the stove itself.

Such a system will need to be implemented when installing a potbelly stove in the corner of the room. You can mount or lay out several screens from brick, installed at a short distance from each other. In this case:

• The first screen protects a person from touching the iron stove and getting burned. It is usually made of refractory or fireclay bricks;
• To protect walls made of flammable material, a second layer of protection is provided. It can be made of brick or covered with a barrier made of sheet steel with a mirror-like front surface. In this case, heat waves will be reflected from the mirror and spread faster throughout the room;
• if the foundation is insufficient in size or it is impossible to manufacture it, it will be necessary to lay a protective screen made of durable fire-resistant material on the wooden floor. This can be a sheet of steel or a decorative layer of heat-resistant clinker tiles or porcelain stoneware. The surface will first have to be covered with a layer of thermal insulation.

Related article: Making plasterboard walls with your own hands
This is the easiest way to make surface protection. It is better to use sheets with a polished front surface. Before fastening, the wall surface at the required level along the height of the screen is covered with a layer of thermal insulation. In this way, we protect the surface of the walls from the effects of heat.

You can lay a layer of thermal insulation or fasten the metal with self-tapping screws with inserted ceramic spacers. But it is better to attach the screen to strips or a metal profile treated with a layer of protection. In this option, the air gap will not allow heat to pass freely to the walls, and reliable insulation of the stove from the wooden wall is ensured.

A special gap is made at the bottom of the wall for the passage of cold air, ventilation of the wall and screen. When arranging a wall with a layer of thermal insulation, a number of longitudinal guides are installed on the surface. The space between them is filled with a layer of mineral wool or other material. Then sheets of metal are installed and screwed to the sheathing with self-tapping screws.

In this design, there is no need to leave a gap at the bottom. The air will not be able to pass through calmly, but the wall will be reliably protected from high temperatures. To protect the floor of the house, a slab made of non-flammable durable material can be used.

This protection option is usually installed near the stove. Thus, you can protect not only the wall, but also the person from burns. By installing a brick wall, you can reduce the distance from the stove to the wall. For laying, it is better to use ceramic or fire-resistant bricks.

The work is carried out in several stages:

• you will need to make a small foundation or remove boards from the floor along the marking lines for laying the screen and, by drilling holes in the concrete of the base of the building, insert metal rods to fasten the bottom of the wall and the foundation;
• Having leveled the floor surface, lay out a layer of mortar and lay the first row of bricks; you need to place the bricks in the same plane without distortions. This determines how level your entire wall will be. Do not forget to make small grooves for ventilation; for this you can move several bricks of the bottom row.
• checking the level and pulling the twine for laying each subsequent row, all bricks are laid on a mortar of clay and sand. Having raised the wall to the required height, the top is sealed with a layer of mortar or covered with a board. This way you can make a shelf for decorative ornaments and all sorts of little things.

The brick is laid no higher than the top of the furnace at a distance of at least 40-100 mm from it.

Using both types of protective screens, you can reduce the distance from the oven to 500 mm.

Examples of installation of protective brick screens in the photo:

Before insulating the stove from a wooden wall, it is recommended to decide on the insulation. Thermal insulation allows you to reduce fuel consumption. The joints between the chimney and the walls are subject to heating when smoke escapes. As the temperature drops, the material contracts.

Thermal insulation work is carried out taking into account certain rules and safety standards. It is first recommended to decide on the method of insulating the stove. The following elements are thermally insulated in the furnace structure:

The first structure is insulated in the following cases:

• reduction of heat consumption - thermal insulation work is carried out when the fireplace or stove is not designed correctly, when all the heat comes out through the chimney (due to excessive draft or the use of materials with high heat transfer);
• insulation retains heat;
• elimination of condensate: if the pipe is not insulated, condensate collects in it, it destroys the pipe masonry or welded coating joints.

Experts recommend insulating the surface of the stove located close to the walls of the house. Otherwise, cracking of the brick will occur due to temperature fluctuations. Thermal insulation between the wall and the stove is carried out using the following materials:

• asbestos slabs;
• thermofoil (as a heat reflector).

The method under consideration is used if the space between the stove and the wall exceeds 5 mm. If the distance is small, then asbestos cannot be used (due to the composition of the material).

It is possible to carry out thermal insulation work using the following technology:

• strengthening the wall using metal sheet hangers;
• installation of slabs of ceramic or asbestos insulating material;
• filling gaps and seams with mineral wool;
• winding the pipe with an external reflector (foil).

Since mineral wool does not tolerate condensation, a special material should be used to insulate this seal. A similar technology is used for furnace thermal insulation. At the same time, the wall does not heat up or heat up.

The following materials can be used for chimney insulation:

• mineral wool;
• glass wool;
• brick;
• slag slabs or heat-resistant cement mortar.

The insulation of a chimney depends on the material from which it is made. If the pipe is steel, then construction wool is used. The design consists of 2 parts (length does not exceed 1.5 m), which simplifies compaction of the insulating material. The size of the casing should be 12 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe.

The first part of the structure is first put on. Then the insulation is applied evenly. The second part of the chimney is installed. The building is insulated. The pipe is installed with a slight slope. The resulting gap is covered with cement mortar.

A steel chimney consists of 2 pipes of different sizes. A protective casing is placed on the smaller pipe (chimney). A thermal insulation layer is laid between the pipes. A pipe with a smaller diameter is placed in a structure with a larger diameter. The gap formed between the pipes is filled with construction wool.

A brick chimney is insulated using the following technology:

• applying the base;
• installation of reinforced mesh;
• sealing cavities and cracks with a solution;
• applying plaster in several layers (their thickness should not exceed 5-7 cm);
• complete thermal insulation;
• mineral wool is cut taking into account the size of the chimney;
• fixing the heat insulator with metal tape or wire;
• lining the pipe with ceramic or asbestos slabs;
• plastering the surface.

This method of thermal insulation allows:

• reduce heat loss by 2 times;
• seal the chimney;
• prevent the formation of condensation and destruction of the chimney;
• improve quality and safety.

Furnace insulation is a necessary procedure for a high-temperature furnace used to heat a home.

Thermal insulation work can be done with your own hands, following the recommendations described above.