Garbage incinerator from Leonid Kotlyar - how to build in 3 days

Read the article on how to choose the best equipment, buy a ready-made stove or make it yourself.

At the dacha, waste disposal can be a real problem. The way out of this situation is to use a stove. You can buy it or make it yourself. Both options have their pros and cons. To burn garbage safely, you need to choose the right hearth design. We have deeply studied this topic and are ready to share with our readers what stoves exist for country waste, and how to choose them correctly.

What kind of waste can be burned on your property?

All sorts of garbage accumulates in summer cottages. In most cases, you can dispose of it yourself. The waste is burned to free up space on the site. But only the following waste can be disposed of in this way:

• dry grass;
• paper;
• boards;
• tree branches and trunks;
• rags;
• weeds;
• food waste;
• paper and cardboard packaging for food and drinks;
• old tops.

Such garbage can be safely sent to the furnace. But there is a list of waste that cannot be burned in a stove. These include:

• plastic;
• glass;
• electronics;
• metal;
• synthetic fabrics;
• aerosol cans;
• painted boards (except water-based coatings);
• posters, paper with thick ink filling;
• chipboard;
• other materials, items containing chemical components.

Such waste releases toxins when burned or is not disposed of in this manner. They are sent to special processing centers.

Therefore, before sending the waste to the furnace, it is sorted. If there is waste prohibited for such disposal, it is taken to a place designated for recycling.

Installation and operation of a waste incinerator

The waste incinerator is installed according to the rules or your own calculated drawings. If the item is from a store, it is better to entrust installation and configuration to the service department.

Additional permission to install a household structure on a summer cottage is not required, but no one can cancel the instructions and operating rules.

Working with flames requires caution, because the safety of life, home and avoiding harm to the environment is more important than the benefits that household waste incinerators provide.

Homemade or ready-made firebox?

There are arguments both for and against both options. Homemade structures are much cheaper than ready-made ones. They have a simple design, which simplifies maintenance. But there are also disadvantages. For example, it is impossible to create a complex, high-quality device at home. Primitive equipment can only burn garbage. It cannot perform other functions.

To make a structure for recycling country waste, you need to know how to use a welding machine. The master must have the appropriate tool, as well as the necessary materials. Thin-walled metal is not suitable for these purposes, and it is difficult to make a high-quality weld in thick metal using a household welding inverter.

Purchased products cost more, but their design is more functional. The heat generated by the equipment can be used to heat your home or cook food. It is durable and has good build quality. You do not need to have a welding machine on hand and know how to weld sheets of metal. Therefore, for many summer residents it is much easier to buy a fireplace.

The appearance of purchased models is better. Many of them have smoke filtration systems that reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

Principle of operation

Despite the fact that the operating principle of industrial furnaces is practically no different from conventional devices of an alternative type, some citizens do not fully understand the principles of their operation.

The structure of the furnace is a housing in which the combustion process takes place. Under the influence of high temperatures, the molecular bonds of the substances from which objects are made are destroyed, which makes it possible to neutralize their dangerous properties.

Actually, immediately before lighting the flame and placing the waste in the oven, it is mixed with sand until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. This process helps prevent excessive temperature rise and incomplete combustion of waste. An important condition is the homogeneity of the waste, since for each type of material a strictly defined temperature is set.

As the mixture is heated by a mechanized burner, hydrocarbon molecules are burned, which pose a danger to nature. Some models have two or more circuits for additional combustion of carbon in gases that are formed from the primary combustion.

For the first time, an industrial furnace for burning wood waste was created, and subsequently, based on such a device, the model range was significantly expanded. Thanks to the development of modern engineering, a large number of additional models have appeared.

The main advantages that the biowaste incinerator and many others boast are:

• Compact dimensions;
• High environmental performance;
• Simplicity and low cost of operation;
• The ability to use combustion energy to heat air, water, etc.

For some organizations and firms, the use of furnaces brings additional benefits. In recent years, the document incinerator has become quite popular, since with its help you can guarantee confidentiality in the enterprise. In order to purchase a suitable option, you need to not only know about the availability of such devices, but also about their characteristics in order to buy the best!

Purchased models

The finished stove consists of a metal casing that prevents sparks from falling out during the combustion process. It is made of sheet metal with a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The body is covered with heat-resistant enamel, which prevents the development of corrosion. The dimensions of the finished models are relatively small. When cold, it can be easily transported from place to place or loaded into the trunk of a car.

There are grates inside the firebox. They look like gratings, most often made of cast iron. The combustion process occurs on the grates. Large debris remains here until it becomes ash. Grate bars are also needed for the flow of oxygen, which supports the combustion process.

There is a blower door at the bottom. When it is slightly open, air enters the firebox, enhancing the combustion process. Subsequently, you can rake out the ashes from here and use them as fertilizer.

The top cover will protect the fire from rain and bad weather. It limits the flame, preventing sparks from flying up or flying away. The design may have vertical loading of waste. In this case, the firebox door will not be on the body, but on the lid.

Homemade options

To make an outdoor stove with your own hands, you need to prepare separate materials. Most likely, an old metal barrel, a pipe with a diameter of 50 cm, and a container will come in handy.

The door should be made at the end (cut in a circle). Then attach loops and a handle to the segment. Make holes on the opposite side to allow oxygen to enter the firebox. The barrel stove is installed on stands.

It is necessary to build a grate inside the structure and provide for the location of the ash pan. You need to make a hole in the upper half of the barrel and weld a chimney.

Construction made of metal corners or fittings

This garden waste stove usually has a pyramidal or rectangular shape. The elements of the device must be attached to the bottom, maintaining a distance of 3-5 cm. The latter will ensure sufficient air supply during combustion. It is necessary to lay a grid made of reinforcement at the bottom. This stove will last a long time.

Its main drawback is its massiveness, which creates difficulties in case of movement.

Heater stove

A sauna stove, even if it is damaged, can be converted into a garbage disposal.

First, you need to remove everything from the heater, leaving the grate and body. Then sheet steel is welded from the inside to the base, which will strengthen the entire structure well.

The waste can then be thrown from above. But on the eve of loading large parts, you need to light the flame. When disposing of waste, it is advisable to cover the stove with an iron sheet, placing pieces of brick to ensure unimpeded escape of smoke.

Additional items

Today, many ready-made designs are produced that have special additional components. They improve the performance of the equipment by adding a number of functions. For example, complex structures may have a chimney. It increases traction, so waste is burned faster and better. The design with a chimney is productive, so it is purchased if you need to burn large volumes of garbage. Even in wet weather, the recycling process will be fast.

Another possible additional element may be the presence of a water heater in the design. The liquid is supplied through tubes that pass inside the firebox using a pump. Such a boiler is connected to radiators, using it in the cold season. These are volumetric furnaces designed to burn not only garbage, but also wood and coal.

Equipment with a boiler is used for a small country house. The inconvenience of such a system is the need to constantly throw garbage or firewood into the firebox. They burn out in 3-4 hours, and then you need to load solid fuel again. Fill the heating system with special antifreeze so that if the boiler stops, the coolant does not freeze and damage the pipes.

Some designs include smoke purification filters. The oven will be safe for the environment.

Some owners purchase designs with a burner on top. During the combustion of household waste, it will be possible to cook food and heat water. If you have a summer kitchen at your dacha, a model with a burner (or even 2 burners) would be the preferred option.

Incinerator furnace - recycling features

The waste disposal furnace has a fairly simple design and consists of:

• loading chamber;
• grate;
• burners (or two burners)
• loading hatch;
• chimney.

In the process of burning unsuitable materials, any organic compounds turn into sterile ash that is absolutely safe for the environment. And thanks to a special gas purification system, the combustion furnace operates without smoke. Or rather, there is smoke, but it does not pose any danger to the atmosphere and the ecological situation.

Homemade design

To make a stove yourself, you need to prepare the necessary materials and tools. The easiest way is to use a metal barrel for this. A container whose surface is not covered with rust will do. Its capacity is 200 l.

You can also use a piece of pipe with a diameter of 500 mm. Such a metal case has thick walls of 8 mm, so cutting holes and making welds in this case is difficult. A stove made from such a pipe weighs a lot and is difficult to operate. The advantage of a thick-walled structure is its durability. The metal will not burn out even with intensive burning of waste.

You can use a rectangular container as a blank. Loading can be done from the side or top.

Barrel stove: option No. 1

A barrel is suitable, which may even have leaks. The door is cut out at the end. To do this, you need to cut it in a circle. Next, the hinges and handle are screwed to the segment. At the opposite end you need to make holes through which air will flow into the firebox.

The stove must be installed on supports. To do this, use metal corners, which are attached in the form of a parallelepiped or crosswise.

A grate needs to be inserted inside the structure. You need to leave a little space under it. This will be the ash pit. In the upper part of the barrel you need to make a hole of the same diameter as the chimney. You need to divide the circle into 10 equal sectors and make cuts along the lines. Then the resulting triangles are folded upward. A chimney is welded to them.

What can't be burned?

Only organic waste can be burned. This is garden waste - branches, grass, leaves, etc. It is allowed to burn paper, cardboard, and unusable wooden objects.

Materials made of plastic, polymers, and synthetics, when burned, release toxic substances that harm human health and the environment.

You cannot burn:

• Painted parts.
• Full-color glossy printing containing printing ink.
• Particle boards, fiber boards in which glue and phenols were used.

Not every oven is suitable for burning paper. It is dangerous to throw aerosol cans, glass, or metal objects into a fire. Even empty, but under pressure, can explode in fire.

Barrel stove: option No. 2

There are other ways to use a barrel as a stove. You cannot burn garbage in it by simply dumping it in a container. There will be no air flow to the lower layers. Because of this, it is impossible to dispose of large volumes of waste.

To solve this problem, holes are made in the bottom of the barrel. They need to be done both at the bottom and along the perimeter of the walls. The barrel cannot be left on the ground. Therefore, a homemade stove must be placed on bricks. They are folded in the form of a firebox, which will allow you to light a fire under the barrel, and not in it. This will allow you to quickly dispose of all the garbage that has accumulated on the site.

Who can make a stove for you?

When it is not possible to make a stove yourself, contact a specialist. You will need a welder and a mason, but you will have to do some of it yourself.

1. Prepare materials (your own and purchased), check that they are complete.
2. Invite a welder and a mason with the condition that damaged bricks must be used.
3. Make sure that the invited workers have carefully reviewed the sketches and are ready to follow them, immediately refuse possible improvement proposals, make it clear - we are doing the work according to the sketches or saying goodbye.
4. Do not agree to pay more than 6,000 rubles.

At the general annual meeting of gardeners, it is useful to consider the possibility of installing a demonstration stove at the functional site of the SNT management.

I do it much simpler: I cut out a 200x300 opening in the bottom of the barrel and place the barrel itself on 3 bricks. I cover the top with a rain cover. When burning garbage, I naturally remove the lid. The work takes half an hour, but the walls of the barrel burn out, regardless of the presence of a foundation. (Alexander Kuzmin)

Brick oven

A stove built of brick looks great. It can be built from scratch or an old sauna hearth can be used for these purposes. Brick can also be used to line a metal barrel to increase safety when using it.

Brickwork is built using fireproof mortar. If the structure is small, you can lay the blocks without cement. But such a design must be used carefully. The following types of bricks are suitable for masonry:

• Fireclay. The brick can withstand heating up to 1500°C.
• Red. Withstands heat up to 1000°C. Only solid bricks are used for the stove.
• Graphite. It is used as a finishing for the internal surface of the firebox, as it can withstand heating up to 1700°C.

The cost of refractory blocks is high, so they are used mainly for the construction of fireboxes. Red brick costs less. A stove built of brick is safer than metal structures. Without welding, you can build a beautiful hearth that will have 2 chambers inside. There are many design options for a garden brick stove.

What to look for when choosing?

Important characteristics of a waste disposal site are:

• Weight. Weight should be average. Stoves that are too light quickly burn out, since the thickness of the metal walls is small. A heavy, thick-walled structure is difficult to move from place to place.
• Dimensions. The size of the firebox is selected depending on the type and amount of waste. If you plan to burn large logs, boards, or other large objects, the size of the internal chamber should be large. Otherwise, the disposal process will take many hours. You will have to burn the garbage in small batches. If there is relatively little debris, make a small firebox.
• Service. The interior of the oven will have to be cleaned periodically. The design must be thought out so that the maintenance process is not complicated. Access to the space under the grate must be free so that the ash can be easily removed.
• Appearance. The container must be neat and fit harmoniously into the landscape design. If the stove looks unsightly, designate a space for it in your backyard.

Manufacturers

The number of companies and industries that specialize in creating furnaces for burning garbage and other items in large

scale is very large, so choosing the appropriate option is not a problem.

It is not recommended to choose products from foreign manufacturers if the volume of waste burned is limited, since the cost of such products is extremely inflated.

There are a large number of domestic analogues, the quality of which is not inferior to foreign ones. Among the leading Russian leaders, Intech, as well as Gorbylya stand out.

An important advantage of cooperation with domestic contractors is the ability to complete an order based on an individual project, which opens up almost limitless opportunities for a wide range of people.

The range of these products is very large, so potential buyers often have a number of questions. Depending on the functionality, size and manufacturer, the price can vary widely.

The most budget products for summer cottages and private use are sold from 10-15 thousand rubles, but the cost of an industrial furnace for burning solid waste starts from 100 thousand rubles.

If you are interested in foreign-made waste incineration furnaces, then the best solutions on the market are presented by Burn Mizer (USA), VOLKAN UK. As practice shows, finding a stove that would fully satisfy your needs and wishes is quite simple - the choice is truly huge.

It is much more important to determine the maximum budget, required functionality and level of “environmental friendliness” at the early stages of purchasing planning. If you have these parameters, you will be able to make a purchase in the shortest possible time.