Kuznetsov furnaces are very popular both in Russia and in the world. Kuznetsov has been working on creating a perfect stove since the 60s; over the many years of work, he acquired many like-minded people. The team of craftsmen made many developments and filled the stove market with their products.
For many years, various inventors have been trying to make furnaces with maximum efficiency , since their main task is efficient operation at minimal cost. Surely there are many people who want to make a sauna stove on their own, and this is possible. Today, the topic is more relevant than ever, since heating prices have become very high. Bell-type stoves can heat a house well and quickly, and they also have an interesting appearance.
Kuznetsov's skate is
a design for the movement of gases .
It is created so that heat can remain in the middle of the hood longer, and so that cold air flows evaporate through a special recess. Thanks to the flow of hot air the heat in the room is retained , and cold air does not cool the brick as it exits through the pipe. The combustion temperature is very high, and the efficiency of the Kuznetsov stove will be 95% , among brick stoves this is a very good indicator, since the well-known Russian bath stove has an efficiency of only 40%.
Advantages
A bell-type stove has a simple structure and consists of a lower level and a firebox, which are combined into a bell; the main component of such a sauna stove is the arrangement :
- it warms up evenly and also gives off heat ;
- it needs to be cleaned very rarely, since there is no soot and smoke;
- the heat practically does not evaporate, since the stove has a high efficiency ;
- the design is modern and original.
Design Features
Kuznetsov furnaces are bell-type structures. They differ from traditional Russian stove models in that hoods are installed inside them. There may be several of them, and they may be arranged in different orders. But in any case, there is a space between them through which gases can move freely.
How it works
The method of constructing furnaces developed by Kuznetsov became an innovation in the construction industry. The fact is that in traditional furnace designs, heating occurred through draft in the channels. This led to uneven heat distribution in the furnace and the appearance of cracks in its walls.
In Kuznetsov models, gases move freely. Since the structures consist of caps located at a distance of 2–3 cm from each other, uniform heat distribution is guaranteed. The first hood is combined with the firebox. For this reason, the hottest gases rise to the top. They stay at the top of the structure for some time. By the time they cool down and descend, the walls of the furnace are already heated by them.
Then the process is repeated. This results in continuous and intense heating of the structure, and, accordingly, the room. But since one cap is not enough for optimal heating, most Kuznetsov models are equipped with two or three arches. The principle of operation in them is similar to the single-bell version.
Advantages and disadvantages
Uniform heat distribution should be considered the main advantage of these structures. However, the advantages of using Kuznetsov models do not end there. The undoubted advantages of bell-type furnaces include the following factors.
- The efficiency factor is 95% (for comparison: in traditional Russian stoves it is 25%).
- More space for installing a steel heating element.
- No soot or smoke is emitted during the heating process.
- Kuznetsov furnaces should be cleaned many times less often than traditional designs.
- The construction of these models will be much cheaper financially than the construction of a Russian stove.
- Kuznetsov’s structures are durable and resistant to cracking.
- Such furnaces can be built to individual sizes and shapes.
- Kuznetsov’s models are distinguished by an aesthetic appearance, which can also be modified using imagination and various design solutions.
Apparently, due to all the above qualities, these designs gained popularity back in the 60s. And then they only improved and today they are practically free of shortcomings. Moreover, later Kuznetsov worked on developments not alone, but with a group of like-minded people.
Types of Kuznetsov furnaces
The variety of bell-type furnaces that exists today can be classified according to various factors. Thus, depending on the number of caps, the models developed by Kuznetsov are divided into single-bell, double-bell and multi-bell. Based on their purpose, these models are divided as follows:
| Varieties | Application |
| Cooking type models. | They are designed for cooking. |
| Heating stoves. | Their primary function is to heat the room. |
| Sauna stoves. | Specially designed for rooms with high humidity. |
| Street models. | It can be either a barbecue or the most complex complexes. |
| Bread ovens. | These models are often combined with a cooking type. |
| Fireplace designs. | They perform, first of all, an aesthetic function in the interior of the room. |
In addition, there are also special-purpose furnaces, also developed by Kuznetsov.
The versatility of the designs is that they can be combined. This way you can get a model that is multifunctional.
Kinds
The master came up with a wide variety of stoves that differ not only in appearance, but also in purpose :
- heating;
- for cooking;
- for a bath;
- outdoor, such as barbecue;
- stoves with a sunbed.
When you decide on the version of the sauna stove that you want to make at home, then, first of all, you will need to make drawings for ordering. Sequence is a method of laying bricks, with each row laid differently. Collecting an order is like a construction set; if you put in the effort and spend a little time, anyone can handle it .
Types of structures
I.V. Kuznetsov was involved in the design of all types of heating structures. Among them the following varieties can be noted:
- cooking structures used for cooking;
- heating models to maintain optimal temperature in residential premises;
- fireplace stoves that allow you to create a unique interior;
- street “blacksmiths” used as barbecue devices:
- stoves for baths or saunas.
Moreover, the structures can be combined. Heating - equipped with a functional hob, a spectacular fireplace heats the house with high quality. Designs with beds add a touch of coziness to the interior, characteristic of houses equipped with a spectacular Russian stove.
Bell-type heating solutions are often equipped with beds
Sauna stove
A sauna stove can heat three rooms at the same time. This is a steam room, a washroom and a relaxation room. Also, a sauna stove performs the function of ventilation, heats water and can create steam of different parameters . It can regulate humidity and temperature; with its use, the space quickly heats up and autonomously maintains the required temperature. Correctly done ordering will ensure an impeccable result.
In addition, it can generate electricity . And if you make a stove with a fireplace, then you can cook food on coals. People who use the sauna stove have confirmed that it can do both wet and steam modes in the sauna. You can make such a Kuznetsov stove without difficulty by following the drawing .
Types of Kuznetsov stoves
Based on the functions they perform, Kuznetsov’s brick kilns can be divided into several main groups:
- Heating.
Their main task is to heat rooms.
- Cooking.
They are used for cooking. This group also includes bread ovens and stoves adapted for cauldrons.
- Bathhouses.
The operating principle of Kuznetsov’s sauna stoves remains unchanged - the natural movement of gases through two bells. Another thing is that there is a heater here, which needs to be heated thoroughly to obtain high-quality steam.
The developer proposed and is still using an optimal technical solution, where the stone backfill is placed in an oven made of heat-resistant steel. The oven is located directly above the firebox.
The thermal energy accumulated in the lower and upper hoods is used to heat water and heat not only the steam room, but also all adjacent rooms. The water coil is installed under the first hood so that it can be easily repaired or replaced.
The installation location can be determined by studying the drawings of the furnaces.
- Fireplaces.
- Grills and barbecues.
- Combined structures, complexes.
- Perhaps the most popular are Kuznetsov’s heating and cooking stoves. They will warm the house and won’t leave you hungry.
The heating and cooking option is most in demand by both summer residents and residents of rural areas. There is a simple practicality here: if you already have a fire, why not use it additionally for cooking.
Kuznetsov also has such projects.
Before you start building, make sure that this is exactly the option that you want to see in your home.
Such stoves imply the presence of a convenient ledge with a cast-iron surface, with the possibility of partially opening the holes to increase the temperature. It is also possible to make a door for a cauldron, similar to ancient Russian stoves.
The layout of heating and cooking stoves requires its own approach and individual drawings.
Bell furnaces can be erected in almost any room. This could be an apartment, a residential building, an outbuilding or a bathhouse. For example, for a bathhouse, a bell-type stove will be an ideal replacement for an ordinary standard stove.
By building this sauna stove, you can solve several problems at once. This design is capable of heating several rooms: a sink and a steam room, as well as a relaxation room. In addition, it is very convenient to heat water on the stove, simultaneously creating steam in the required quantity.
The house can be equipped with two-bell heating using a stove; this installation is very functional. Before erecting such a structure, it is necessary to carefully study the project.
A system that burns raw fuel must be organized in the most optimal way. The furnace must always be maintained at the correct temperature, otherwise the gases that are formed after combustion can be transformed into harmful waste soot and tar.
Materials you will need
Since the Kuznetsov stove has much smaller dimensions than standard heating units, much less material is required for its construction:
- fire-resistant and facing bricks;
- fire-clay;
- cleaned sand;
- metal wire;
- iron corner;
- valve and blower;
- firebox door;
- grate;
- hearth slab.
To clean sand , it must be sifted with a fine sieve. It is recommended to use mountain sand, since it contains practically no debris. In order not to overwork and save time, you can use a ready-made mixture of clay and sand, which is easy to find in construction stores .
The refractory brick must be grade ShB-8 or ShB-5 , and the facing brick for masonry must be at least grade M150 .
To find out how many bricks you will need, you need to use the drawings.
Advantages of a bell furnace
Such a unit has many advantages that cannot be ignored. First of all, it is worth noting that the design of the furnace requires the presence of either one bell or several (the Kuznetsov two-bell furnace is especially popular). The structure of the caps can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical; they can be placed horizontally or one on top of the other (this arrangement saves space).
In this regard, it is possible to design a stove of any type and for absolutely any room. The second hood can be used to install: a heat exchanger, a hob, a heater, a water heating tank, etc.
Among other advantages of the stove, we note the following:
- long service life; with proper care, such a design can work effectively for many years;
- during operation, a very small amount of soot and soot is formed;
- high performance;
- the design is simple, therefore there will be no difficulties in operation;
- blacksmithing does not require frequent cleaning procedures;
- compared to a channel furnace, the heating system is more improved;
- there are models that can be installed in a house or bathhouse;
- a wide selection of models of various shapes and made in a variety of design solutions;
- the bell furnace does not crack;
- melts in the shortest possible time;
- uniform heating of the room;
- cools down long enough.
Making the foundation
It’s good when the stove is made during the construction of a house, then the foundation for it can be made right away . It is worth considering that the foundation should be 10 centimeters larger than the stove along the entire perimeter. The foundation must be made strong, since the structure has a lot of weight .
What to pay attention to:
- The foundation of the house should not be the same as the stove foundation.
- If the stove should stand near the wall, then the foundation should have a distance of at least 5 cm from the main one, and the distance should be filled with sand.
- High-quality waterproofing will not hurt the foundation. To make it, the bottom layer in the pit is covered with sand, and the dried foundation is covered with roofing felt.
- If possible, it is necessary to make reinforcement; for this, a metal frame is used.
The foundation is made on the same level as the main one; if necessary, brick can be added.
How to make bricklaying and firebox
The firebox must be made of refractory bricks, and the outer walls of the furnace must be made of facing bricks. Then during heating and cooling they will behave differently. The firebox must be floating, for this it is worth making a dry seam around it. may break during operation . When working, you should pay attention to the order, because if you tie the bricks incorrectly, you will not get the desired result .
To make a dry joint, the mortar is removed between the inner and outer bricks, and the resulting cavity is filled with mineral cardboard. Be sure to ensure that the protrusions of the refractory brick do not fall into the recesses of the ceramic one; this will make the firebox a completely independent structure. Fireclay bricks are placed on edge , and ceramic bricks are placed as desired.
