Recommendations for operating the Buderus Logano S111 boiler - Methods for eliminating basic faults

How to melt correctly

The algorithm of actions looks like this:

1. It is required to place sheets of dry paper at the bottom of the firebox. Then, a small layer of wood chips, logs, preferably fruit varieties. To speed up the combustion, it is necessary to arrange them in a pyramid.
2. Set the paper on fire. Then close the door, but leave the ventilation hole open. Due to which you can regulate the rate of combustion of firewood. Moreover, depending on the volume of oxygen, the fuel will burn faster or slower.
3. After complete combustion of the wood, you need to place a layer of small coal, up to 15 cm, on the resulting pile of ash.
4. When it burns sufficiently, you can pour a larger mineral on top in the form of a pillow. The height can reach 60 cm. Before doing this, be sure to move the hot stones apart so that the coal does not bake.

If you use fuel of insufficient quality, coking may occur. Therefore, if you are not sure of the quality of the purchased raw material, put it in the form of a sandwich, mixing it with firewood. Several layers of logs, successively mixed with stone, make it possible to sufficiently warm up the installation and release heat into the premises.

Solid fuel brands

The best fuel for domestic use is anthracite (marked with the letter “A”). It has a long combustion life, does not form a large amount of soot, and low ash content. However, you need to know how to use such coal, since it is difficult to ignite, and also costs a lot of money.

Most often, long-flame coal is purchased for lighting household boilers. It burns long enough, ignites easily, the flame is long and produces a large amount of heat. You can recognize the fuel by the “D” marking. It is also possible to heat private houses using “SS” and “T” grade coal, but their characteristics leave much to be desired.

In addition to the brand, coal also differs in fraction size. So, for a slab the size of the pieces ranges from 100 mm, for a large one it varies from 50 to 100 mm, a nut is sold at 25-50 mm, a small one - 13-25 mm, a seed - 6-13 mm, a piece - up to 6mm. There are no standard sizes for raw coal.

All coal is marked by the first letter of its name. However, the name may contain several letters, which indicate additional characteristics of the fuel. For example, DPK is slab coal with a fraction of 50-100 mm, DS is long-flame seed. As for raw coal, it does not have an approved composition. It can contain 70% large elements, and 30% shtyba, or vice versa.

It is impossible to say with 100% accuracy what fuel should be purchased in each individual case, since the choice depends directly on the type of boiler and the manufacturer’s requirements for operating the product. If the documentation indicates a certain type of coal, for example, anthracite, then replacing it with another is not recommended, as this can lead to large financial costs along with a decrease in thermal efficiency.

Those who primarily focus on the cost of fuel need to look beyond the price tag and characteristics. Suppliers often charge extra for delivery and may charge different prices depending on the volume purchased.

Advantages

The advantage of some models may be the disadvantage of others. Therefore, here we will consider general ones that deserve flattering reviews:

1. Attractive design. They can be built into any interior without compromising its appearance.

2. With excellent quality, prices are not at all prohibitive.

3. There are no difficulties in maintenance: the main maintenance is to add fuel to the stove and remove the ash.

4. Cost-effective. You can use any solid fuel and firewood, while at the same time removing all the trash from your dacha.

5. The range of models is wide: now their range consists of two dozen, and modifications - about a hundred items.

6. Reliability and durability. The ovens are made of 4mm steel. The warranty period of 3 years is somewhat incorrect: the use of the product is not constant. Another number is more correct - 2000 hours.

7. Various sizes and consideration for installation in the desired location.

8. Use at a time convenient for the consumer.

9. Slow burning and high heat transfer, that is, you need to add fuel infrequently, but at the same time the heat in the room is maintained.

Combined heating boiler ZOTA “Mix”

The main feature of the ZOTA “Mix” boiler is its versatility. It mainly runs on wood and coal, but in a pinch gas, diesel and electricity can be used. This flexibility is achieved by a special design that allows you to install different types of burners and operate equally efficiently on different types of fuel.

Photo 3: Combined heating boilers using solid fuel Zota Mix

Let's look at what other advantages the Mix solid fuel boiler has:

• The heat exchanger has an unusual X-shape, which ensures maximum heat removal, which in turn ensures high efficiency values.
• Operating efficiency is also improved by insulating the water jacket. Heat loss due to its use is reduced, and therefore efficiency increases. In addition to improving efficiency, insulation also improves fire safety.
• Easy access to the flue and a spacious ash tray make cleaning and maintenance very convenient.
• The optimal pressure for a heating system is 3 atm. In emergency cases, the device can withstand a pressure surge of up to 4 atm, without the danger of explosion as is the case with the installation of a cast iron solid fuel heating boiler.
• The operating power is adjusted by a built-in draft generator and a draft control damper in the chimney. Temperature and pressure are controlled via a thermomanometer on the front panel.

The ZOTA “Mix” model is available in four sizes with power from 20 to 50 kW. Their main characteristics are as follows:

Feedback from a real owner of the ZOTA “Mix” boiler about the experience of use:

I use a Zota Mix 20 kW boiler to heat my ecopan house of 75 m². The device fits perfectly into the boiler room. At first I thought of installing Buderus at 12 kW, but it is significantly more expensive. I use sawdust briquettes as fuel. For the winter, 3 tons are enough, which in terms of money comes out to 16,000 rubles. I've been using it for three seasons now, so far no complaints.

Eldar Vladimirovich, Irkutsk

Features of the Kuban stove

The temperature of the stones in the oven reaches 650 degrees. The stones themselves are closed, the heater is inside the heating chamber and flames are blazing on all sides. As a result, the water that enters the heater using a special dispenser begins to evaporate very quickly and, as a result, weightless steam is formed. The oven can also be open, in which you can select steaming modes to suit your taste.

• The oven is equipped with a door with which you can adjust the temperature
• The presence of a dispenser allows you to evenly distribute water inside a closed oven
• The heater can be open, which allows you to combine evaporation modes
• The heating chamber is super-rigid and has a special shape

The Kuban Teplodar stove has the best performance characteristics and is a very reliable device. With this stove, the steaming process will turn into a real pleasure and will please even the most demanding steamers.

Technology for lighting a coal boiler - how to fire it correctly

Coal boilers are operated using the following technology:

1. First of all, dry kindling material - rolled up newspaper or paper - is placed in the firebox. A small layer of wood chips is placed on top, and even higher - small firewood (for example, birch). It is best to lay out the firewood in a hut or in the form of a well so that it burns better.
2. The paper placed in the firebox is set on fire. The boiler door closes and the ash pan opens. Using a blower, you can regulate the intensity of combustion - increasing the supply of oxygen directly affects the rate of burning of wood.
3. A layer of small coal is placed on top of the completely burnt wood, which has turned into smoldering ash. The thickness of the coal layer is about 15 cm. Each time the door is opened, the ash pan must be completely closed.
4. After the first layer of coal burns out, another layer is laid directly on top of it, but a coarse fraction is used for it. The thickness of the main fuel layer should be about 60 cm. Before laying a new batch of fuel, it is better to stir up the previous one a little to increase the intensity of air movement and prevent the coal from sintering into one large piece.
5. Low-quality fuel may coke during combustion. To avoid this phenomenon, it is advisable to dilute the main coal layer with small layers of firewood - this will give the boiler the opportunity to warm up normally and ensure maximum heat transfer. The presence of a layer, among other things, will also greatly simplify the process of cleaning the boiler after fuel combustion.
6. Proper lighting of the boiler requires that natural circulation is used to burn out the paper and wood chips, which is achieved if the ash pan is open. Due to this effect, the chimney will warm up, and the draft will increase gradually, and at a certain point you will only need to close the ash pan and turn on the fan.

This technology includes a number of fairly simple nuances, and when they are implemented, questions about how best to heat a boiler with coal will not arise. All these subtleties are very easy to remember with the constant use of coal equipment, and it becomes incredibly easy to follow them in the future.

How to properly light a boiler

How to clean soot from a coal boiler

The composition of soot includes a non-combustible residue that turns into slag during the combustion process. An additional problem is that under the influence of high temperatures, low-quality coal leads to increased formation of condensation, an acid that can corrode the metal of the heat exchanger.

Boiler cleaning is carried out in several stages:

• It is necessary to remove the ash from the ash pan, a chamber located immediately under the firebox and which is a spacious box closed with a sealed door. The ash pan is removed and the ashes are poured out.
• Cleaning of slag is carried out with a special tool, the appearance of which resembles a curved awl. Sludge is removed around the perimeter of the heat exchanger and from the grate.

In addition to regular boiler cleaning, measures are taken to prevent increased soot formation. The main reason why the heat exchanger becomes clogged with soot is insufficient combustion temperature of the fuel. Layer-by-layer stacking of firewood mixed with coal can solve the problem of increased soot formation.

How to clean the chimney pipe of a coal boiler

Proper operation of heating equipment includes measures to reduce soot formation in the chimney during boiler operation, as well as regular maintenance and cleaning of pipes. SNiP stipulates the need to carry out routine maintenance at least twice a year.

Pipe cleaning is carried out in the following ways:

Mechanical cleaning method - proper cleaning of chimneys is carried out using a special brush. Flexible plastic rods are mounted on the rod. If necessary, the brush can be extended using flexible bars that can be connected. Cleaning is carried out from the roof. Soot is removed through special inspection wells. The largest layers of soot accumulate on the bends and adapters of the chimney

During cleaning, they receive the most attention. Cleaning chemicals are available as fuel additives. It is enough to place the bag in burning coal to effectively clean the chimney

Chemicals are used as preventive measures and cannot completely replace the need for mechanical cleaning. Reducing soot emissions from coal combustion. Preventing the appearance of soot is the best measure to combat deposits on the walls of the chimney. As a preventative measure, several methods are used. A soot trap is installed, the required coal combustion temperature is ensured, the chimney design is changed and a deflector is installed to improve draft characteristics.

All of the above measures are aimed at maintaining the performance of both the boiler itself and the chimney. Acidic condensate leads to rapid burnout of the heat exchanger and chimney.

Proper operation of a coal boiler includes: proper choice of fuel, kindling and maintaining combustion in the chamber, preventing increased soot formation and regular maintenance of the heating unit and chimney.

Types of coal

• Brown . It is used mainly for domestic boilers. Due to its cost and prevalence in nature, it is one of the most popular, but far from the most efficient types of fuel. Contains a lot of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur. Therefore, the calorific value leaves much to be desired. When heating, a persistent burning smell is felt. A lot of soot settles on the walls of the chimney, and cleaning the chimney must be repeated frequently. Minimal inconvenience when using this fuel is used only by those who have a boiler with a burner that supports the combustion of pulverized fuel, or use brown coal in briquettes.
• Anthracite . Commonly used for heating metallurgical furnaces in enterprises. The composition contains a high concentration of carbon (more than 90%). Burns with virtually no smoke. Significantly cheaper than gas and gasoline. But when the oxygen supply deteriorates, it quickly goes out. It has an impressive combustion heat; when burning 1 kg, it releases up to 7500 kcal, but for the same reason it is not suitable for any equipment. Its walls must withstand ultra-high temperatures.
• Woody . Low ash and environmentally friendly material. Does not contain phosphorus and sulfur. It has a high calorific value. We recommend for fireplaces and barbecues. It has long been common in iron foundries.

Owners' opinions

Below are some reviews from stove consumers.

“We purchased a stove for the Rus bathhouse with a fireplace door. It looks great and very presentable. And it works even better - a couple of clutches, and the steam room is already 110°C. Comfortable warmth without the feeling of suffocation. Economical fuel consumption coupled with a stylish design and an affordable price - Teplodar with both hands!”

Zarina Radina, Sverdlovsk region.

“The most affordable option for our home was the opportunity to buy a Teplodar gas stove. We doubted for a long time whether this would be an effective solution. But in reality everything turned out to be very simple and functional. The latest design of the stove allows you to steam comfortably after just 30 minutes of intense heating. No worse than wood heating. Thanks to the manufacturer, we were satisfied."

Sergey, Moscow.

“Based on feedback from friends, I decided to purchase a Rus stove from the manufacturer Teplodar. Outwardly, it is presentable; I was attracted by the increased manufacturer’s warranty of up to five years. Well constructed - thick, good steel. It’s a pity I didn’t immediately buy a tank for heating water; then I had to run around looking for a suitable one. I haven’t found any complaints in operation yet.”

Mikhail Badin, St. Petersburg.

“Our bathhouse is small, we only have enough money for it, so an electric stove is enough for us. We purchased a very inexpensive and practical option from the Teplodar company. We steam with pleasure, just like in a real Russian bathhouse. Installation is simple and consumes little electricity. Considering that we use the bathhouse once a week, the operating costs are quite reasonable. Overall, the result exceeded all expectations.”

Peter, Ekaterinburg.

Price

You can buy sauna stoves in many dealer stores, as well as on the website of the manufacturer Teplodar. The table shows the price of equipment without taking into account the cost of additional installation of a gas burner.

The best fuel for the boiler

Each type of fuel has pros and cons. The most expensive types are briquettes and pellets. They are convenient and safe to use, but not everyone can afford the cost of raw materials. The most economical and efficient type of coal is anthracite, which also has the highest cost of all coal varieties.

Anthracite should be used with caution, as the fuel produces a high temperature, and the boiler elements may not withstand it

The optimal type of coal for standard boilers is “DPK” grade coal - it has good efficiency indicators and a lower price. Firewood is less efficient than coal, but in areas where there is no access to other types of fuel, it will be a good alternative. Species such as birch, ash, beech and oak have the highest calorie content. But in any case, firewood will cost consumers more.

Every owner of an autonomous heating system should know how to properly heat a boiler. This will allow efficient use of solid fuel and extend the life of the heating system.

When installing an individual solid fuel heating system in homes, problems with proper operation may arise. Design features, the sequence of actions during kindling, as well as the selection of solid fuel elements can cause difficulties for owners.

Moreover, furnaces and boilers operating on coal are quite dangerous, so you should be careful and not violate fire safety standards

Also, it is important to study all the parameters and operating features of the purchased equipment.

Combustion process

What coal to choose for the fire?

Fuel is selected in accordance with the recommendations of the boiler manufacturer.

The fact is that there are several types of coal, and they differ significantly in characteristics:

• brown coal . The most common and least quality: burns quickly, smokes and emits an unpleasant odor, produces a lot of waste: structure - earthy, color - brown or black, heat capacity: 16-22 MJ/kg, cost: 3.5-4.5 thousand rubles . per ton;
• coal . Black with a metallic or resin tint. Good quality and affordable price. There are several varieties, the most common is long-flame coal: heat capacity: 26-32 MJ/kg, cost: 5.5-7 thousand rubles. per ton;
• anthracite _ Gray-black with a glass or metal sheen. The highest quality and most expensive: heat capacity: 32-36 MJ/kg, cost: 8-10 thousand rubles. per ton.

Using the “wrong” coal leads to cost overruns or damage to the heater. Thus, when anthracite burns in optimal mode, the temperature in the firebox reaches 2200-23000C. When loading such fuel into a boiler made of ordinary steel, designed for brown coal, it will quickly burn out.

Or you will have to “hold back” the combustion by cutting off the air supply, which will cause the efficiency of anthracite to drop sharply and the cost of purchasing this expensive coal will be unjustified.

Anthracite

Another example: long-flame coal, due to its high humidity, is unsuitable for a pyrolysis boiler - condensate forms abundantly in the chimney, mixing with combustion products and thereby turning into a viscous, tarry substance. Such heaters require gas coal.

There are toxic types of coal containing more than 2% sulfur. It is strictly prohibited to use them as fuel for furnaces and boilers: during combustion, sulfur oxide (sulfur dioxide) is formed, which poisons the air and destroys metal parts.

What coal is best to heat a boiler?

The manufacturer initially carries out thermal calculations and adapts the design of the combustion chamber and heat exchanger to the specific type of fuel. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of a household boiler, it is enough to use coal of the grade and fraction specified in the operating instructions.

What brand of coal to burn?

Coal contains carbon and non-combustible impurities, which form ash and slag after combustion. The ratio between carbon and impurities depends on the type of fuel chosen. Coal has (depending on the brand) different degrees of moisture, loose or hard structure, and age of formation.

To effectively heat a coal boiler, you need to have a good understanding of the characteristics that distinguish this or that type of fuel:

• Lingite – this type of fuel has a loose structure and a large percentage of ash residue. Lingite is used in industrial power plants. This type of fuel is not suitable for heating a house.

Hard coal – has a calorific value of 5500 kcal/kg. The percentage of carbon is at least 75%. Ash content from 2 to 4%. Most classic-type household boilers are heated with coal. For gas generator type equipment, not suitable due to humidity above 20%.

Brown coal – calorific value is only 3000 kcal/hour. When burned, a large amount of ash residue and coking substances are formed. Humidity is at 50%. Brown coal is not recommended for heating domestic boilers, due to the rapid clogging of the chimney and heat exchanger.

Anthracite – the humidity threshold is within 7%. It has high specific heat values, equal to 9000 kcal/hour. The share of ash carried away by gases from the coal boiler is no more than 7%. Manufacturers of heating equipment recommend heating gas-generating boilers with Anthracite. Coal is divided into several grades according to size: fist, nut, seed.

Is it possible to burn with coal briquettes?

Coal briquettes are made by pressing small fractions (dust). Special organic or mineral compounds are used as a binding element. The latter greatly increase the ash content of the fuel, but are cheaper. The most popular are coal briquettes, in which coal tar acts as a binder.

Heating with compressed coal has the following advantages:

1. Easy to install in the combustion chamber.
2. Good flammability.
3. High calorific values, identical to anthracite.
4. Easy storage and transportation - briquettes have a regular geometric shape, so they are easier to store and take up less space.

The only disadvantage of compressed coal is its high cost, which is approximately one third higher than the price of lump raw materials. The advantage is the ability to fire the boiler on coal, without contamination by combustion products.

How to burn with coal dust

The safest and most effective method of burning dust is considered to be using a special burner device.

Is it possible to burn with charcoal?

With all these advantages, charcoal has one serious drawback. The cost of a kilogram of purchased charcoal will cost almost 2 times more than the cost of hard coal. You can somewhat reduce the cost of raw materials by establishing its independent production. To obtain 1 ton of charcoal, you will need to burn about 10 m³ of wood.

How and what kind of coal is best to heat a solid fuel boiler

Several grades of hard and brown coal are usually offered for household consumption; in addition, charcoal is also used. But, before loading the firebox with new fuel, you must carefully read the instructions for using the solid fuel boiler; it contains the brands of fuel recommended by the manufacturer.

For domestic and industrial heating boilers, the documentation indicates the optimal grades of coal for use. The fact is that during the production of boilers, finished products are tested and certified for use with different types of fuel. The heat capacity of coal of one group may be higher than the heat capacity of the brands recommended by the manufacturer, which is why the normal operation of the equipment may be at risk.

One of the conditions for how to properly fire a boiler with coal is the correct choice of fuel; in addition to indicating the type and brand, manufacturers recommend focusing on the amount of harmful impurities, dust, ash content and calorific value. This information is indicated in the fuel passport, but what specific qualities a particular brand has is worth finding out in more detail.

Coal

This type of coal is the most common. In most brands, the calorific value averages about 5500-6000 kcal/kg. This indicator is associated with a high hydrocarbon content; this substance makes up about 75% of the mass. When burned, coal produces from 2 to 5% ash, but it is worth saying that this applies to a high-quality product that has been cleaned from rock. Coal grades are divided by fraction size, weight and calorific value. In addition, there is a gradation based on how quickly the fuel burns. Almost all grades of coal are suitable for firing universal solid fuel boilers of the classic type. But such fuel is not suitable for long-burning devices; it has a rather high temperature index, which has a detrimental effect on the equipment.

Brown coal

This fuel is mainly used in the areas where it is mined. It so happened historically that brown coals were not widely used and are mainly a product of local consumption. The calorific value of brown coal is lower than that of hard coal, it is approximately 3000-3200 kcal/kg, this figure is almost 2 times lower than that of the lowest grade of hard coal. A special feature of this product is that after combustion it leaves more ash. In domestic heating installations, brown coal is used, and briquettes made from it with a mass fraction of humidity of about 50%.

Anthracite

When choosing a fuel with the highest calorific value, you should focus on anthracite, one of the best types of coal for combustion in a boiler. The calorific value allows the release of 9000 kcal/kg during combustion, which is one of the highest values. However, after combustion, anthracite forms a large amount of ash, up to 7%, and up to 5-7% of coal that is not burned.

Lignite

This type of coal raw material is intended for consumption in industrial installations. Many manufacturers do not recommend using it in everyday life due to its specific structure and large amount of ash residue.

Coal processing products

Conventionally, these types of products are difficult to attribute to any type of solid fuel made from natural hydrocarbons, but it is also quite difficult to ignore them. This type of product includes coal processing products - coal briquettes and coke.

The first is a briquetted type of fuel obtained by pressing waste from coal recovery at processing plants. Simply put, this is a pressed fine fraction of graded coal that remains after sifting the main mass. Such fuel is mainly used in industrial enterprises, since during combustion it releases a large amount of sulfur, and the ash content in the residue often exceeds 10% of the initial mass.

Coal dust in its pure form is practically not used in individual heating systems, since the technology of burning dust in solid fuel household boilers is not provided. In industrial production, in the energy sector with thermal generation and even in metallurgy, the use of dust is justified; it, in the form of a water-dust mixture, competitively replaces expensive natural gas, but in small boilers designed for 7-15 kW of power, this method is too expensive.

Coking coal, which is the main fuel for blast furnace production of pig iron, can be successfully used at home. However, you need to remember that the energy value ranges from 5.6 to 7.0 thousand kcal/kg. The average ash content is about 8%, volatile substances from 3.2 to 4.2%, sulfur in coke is 1-2%. Pure carbon makes up at least 87% of the substance.

Gas coal

This type of coal is often called flammable coal in everyday life. Saturated with light flammable gases, coal of this group has a small fraction, only 3, maximum 4 cm in diameter. This product is excellent for kindling, because it quickly begins to maintain combustion and also quickly raises the combustion temperature to 400-600 degrees, which is quite enough to ignite the bulk of the main fuel coals. But it’s unlikely to be used for a full-fledged combustion chamber; its calorific value is low, and the combustion time is 4-5 times higher than that of anthracite or coke.

Charcoal

Until the recent past, charcoal was one of the most common coal products. Today this coal has given way to hard coal, but it still remains in demand in private households. When burned, it produces from 7000 to 8000 kcal/kg, which is a good indicator compared to ordinary firewood. After combustion of 84% carbon, 2 to 2.8% ash is formed. It is especially good to use charcoal in solid fuel pyrolysis boilers and long-burning boilers.

Domestic heating boilers Siberia Hephaestus

The Siberia Hephaestus boiler is a new product on the domestic heating equipment market. It has been produced since 2014, but can already compete with devices that have been on the market for a long time, such as the Dakon solid fuel combi boiler. A total of three standard sizes are available for 15, 20 and 30 kW.

Photo 3: Floor-standing solid fuel boiler with hob “Siberia” Hephaestus

Like any other classic solid fuel boiler, the “Siberia” Hephaestus has a firebox surrounded by a water jacket. Under the grate there is a spacious ash pan for collecting solid waste. Flue gases are discharged through a pipe at the rear of the boiler into the chimney. In addition to these generally standard units, there are also some features:

Photo 4: Vertical loading window of the heating TT boiler “Siberia” Hephaestus

• As a backup heating source, it is possible to install a 4 kW heating element. It can be used to stabilize operation between loads and to preheat the heating system in the absence of the owner.
• There are supply and return pipes on the left and right walls of the boiler for ease of installation and piping. The unused supply line pipe is closed with a plug, and a 4 kW heating element unit can be installed in the free return pipe.
• To control the combustion process, you can optionally install a mechanical draft regulator. A separate output is provided for its installation on the front panel. The sensor measures the water temperature in the boiler and, if necessary, opens or closes the ash pan damper using a long chain.
• To increase efficiency, the grate bars are filled with water. Beams with coolant inside the loading chamber are used for the same purposes.
• Under the top cover of the boiler there is a round hole leading into the firebox. It can also be used to load the boiler with fuel, as well as to install a pan or other kitchen container.
• The boiler casing is covered with wear-resistant paint, and on the front panel there is a thermometer for visual monitoring of the temperature of the solid fuel boiler.

Photo 5: Loading chamber of the solid fuel heating boiler “Siberia” Hephaestus The
“Siberia” Hephaestus works exactly like a regular water heating boiler using wood. Let's take a closer look at its characteristics:

On a thematic forum we found a thread with discussions about the “Siberia” Hephaestus line, and here’s what people are saying about them:

Anatoly Vladimirovich, Rostov

In terms of price-quality ratio, the “Siberia” Hephaestus is a pretty good model, and is suitable where a budget heating system is needed that does not involve serious loads. In other cases, it is better to buy a more serious boiler.

As a video review, watch a short video from YouTube about the Siberia KVO boiler:

produces mainly budget modifications of household solid fuel boilers. If you do not need an expensive multifunctional device, but need a cheap heating device with a minimum set of functions, then we advise you to pay attention to the Siberia boiler range.

In this article we will look at what the Siberia solid fuel boiler is, note its key features and operating principle.

Anthracite

Owners of private heating are constantly faced with questions: what is the best way to heat a stove or boiler, where to buy coal or firewood, how to heat with coal correctly?

What is the best way to heat a stove or boiler?

First of all, let's figure out why coal is better than wood and why it is advisable to use coal for heating rather than wood.

Comparing the prices of coal and firewood, it may seem that firewood is cheaper and therefore it is more profitable to burn with wood. But this opinion is erroneous, and it can be easily refuted by making simple calculations. Let's divide the price of firewood by the density coefficient, which will determine how much 1 cubic meter of firewood weighs. For example, to find out the price of 1 ton of firewood, the price of 1 cubic meter of oak firewood must be divided by 0.45, spruce or alder firewood - by 0.3. Comparing the price of 1 ton of coal and firewood in this way (not even taking into account the amount of heat they generate), we see that the price of firewood almost triples.

Another important parameter is the heat of combustion of coal and firewood, i.e. the amount of energy (heat) released during the combustion of these types of fuel. Firewood is divided into three groups according to heat transfer: from 1500 kcal to 2500 kcal. Oak, birch, and alder firewood have the greatest heat transfer. Slightly less heat output is pine and black alder, and the least heat output is spruce, linden, and white alder. Also, when assessing the heat transfer of firewood, it is necessary to take into account its humidity, and therefore it is recommended to dry the firewood in a well-ventilated area for about 3 years. Meanwhile, depending on the brand, when burned, coal emits from 5000 kcal/kg to 8000 kcal/kg, which is two or three times more than firewood.

How to light coal

Lighting coal can be quite difficult, especially anthracite: it takes a long time to ignite, but gives a clean and stable fire and great heat transfer. To light coal, you can first light the fire with wood chips, old newspapers, small logs, and then pour coal on top of them. You can purchase ignition for coal: a special incendiary liquid, or a dry mixture, which is usually sold in the same place where coals are sold, and use it according to the instructions. You can also use a special lighter with a long “beak”, which has a special locking device, which is always important in families with small children.

How to fire a coal stove correctly

A coal firebox differs from a wood firebox in that the amount of coal for one firebox is loaded into the firebox in several stages so that the layer of coal does not exceed 15 cm. When kindling, small firewood is used, and when it flares up, thin (5-6 cm) is added. layer of fine coal. After it flares up, large coal is poured in. You can heat the stove with fine coal and even coal dust. To do this, you need to wet it, wrap it in newspaper, and load it into the oven along with pieces of large coal, placing it along the edges of the firebox. You can use a simple device in the form of cutting a tin pipe. The tin is filled from below with small firewood, and from above with large coal, and the outside is lined with fine coal moistened with water. Then the pipe is removed through the top burner and the stove is lit.

The next portions of coal are loaded when the previous ones are almost burned out. To burn coal, an increased flow of air is required, so the ash door is fully opened. Only when there are no blue lights in the firebox, and the slag is covered with ash, can you close the view or view valve. In order to avoid the formation of carbon monoxide when finishing burning coal, you need to make sure that the walls of the stove are sufficiently warm, clean the firebox of any remaining fuel, and only then close the chimney. The remaining fuel can be used for the next fire.

How to fire a boiler with coal

The design of most coal-wood boilers consists of two chambers placed one above the other. Fuel is placed in the upper chamber, ash and slag accumulate in the lower chamber. Between them there is a grate, usually cast iron, which has high strength.

When burning coal, it is important to determine the appropriate mode and constantly keep the coal burning. First, melt a small amount of coal using paper and wood chips. Pour a small portion of coal into the boiler and close the loading door. Adjust the air supply. The more oxygen is supplied, the faster the coal combustion process will take place, but the heat obtained as a result of rapid combustion will be short-lived. And vice versa, if you tightly close the door to the air supply channel, the coal will smolder, or maybe even go out and will not provide enough heat, since it will emit a lot of smoke.

Once you have adjusted the air flow and are burning evenly, add a small amount of more coal to the firebox through the top loading door. With the volume of coal in the firebox up to one third of the chamber, it will ensure continuous combustion and stable heat for 3 hours. Control the supply of coal to the boiler using the water temperature sensor.

As a rule, it is sufficient to maintain the temperature within 80°C. To burn for a longer time, pour in and distribute evenly to half the chamber. Do not add too much coal, otherwise it will not burn, but will be baked on the grate and it will be quite difficult to clean it.

How to light a coal fireplace

If the fireplace has not been used for a long time, the stagnant cold air in the chimney will make it difficult to light, preventing the upward flow of hot gases. For this reason, it is recommended to warm up the air in the pipe before lighting. To do this, you need to take a newspaper, light it and bring it to the entrance of the pipe (by sticking your hand into the firebox). After a short time, a draft will appear, this indicates that the fireplace is ready. This means you can start heating.

First you need to light the fireplace with newsprint or wood chips. Then place wood chips, newspapers on the grill, a small layer of small firewood on top, and finally, on top of all this, a layer of coal 5 centimeters thick. Then you need to light the kindling from below. After the fire flares up, you need to add larger pieces of coal. Then adjust the draft using the damper.

Chemical tablets designed to start a fire are placed directly into a layer of coal. The gas lighter is also added directly to the coal and is not removed until the end of the fire. An electric lighter is placed next to the fireplace and pointed directly at the bed of coal. When the coal flares up, it is turned off.

Preparing the stove for lighting

If the boiler is used infrequently, before starting operation, it is necessary to conduct a visual inspection of the masonry to exclude the presence of cracks. Carbon monoxide can penetrate through the holes, which normally should leave the firebox through the chimney. If such cracks are found, be sure to eliminate them using a heat-resistant mixture of clay and sand. Otherwise, during heating, the hole may expand, with a subsequent increase in the risk of rupture of the furnace or boiler.

When conducting an external inspection, it is imperative to remove from the direct accessibility area all objects that could ignite if struck by a spark. Then, you need to completely remove the ash and slag. Then, wipe the walls of the firebox with a rag to prevent the spread of unpleasant odors from combustion products.

It is advisable to light the coal boiler several times a day. The duration of one such process should not exceed 2 hours. Load dry coal in small sizes. If the fuel is wet, steam may form, which will subsequently settle on the walls of the chimney, leading to a narrowing of the clearance. As a result, traction will drop significantly.

Preparing for kindling

To ensure that coal heating equipment is safe and efficient, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. If the boiler or stove is rarely used (for example, seasonally), then before use you need to make sure that there are no masonry cracks. Even small cracks in the structure of the furnace provide a wide path for carbon monoxide to escape into the room, where it can seriously harm people present there. To get rid of this problem, all cracks must be covered with a mixture of sand and clay before heating the solid fuel boiler.
2. Before lighting the boiler with coal, you need to inspect it visually. There should be no flammable objects near the heating equipment. The internal surfaces of the structure must be cleaned. It is advisable to wipe the firebox with a dry cloth so that the burning dust does not emit an unpleasant odor that will enter the room.
3. Coal stoves need to be heated several times a day, and the duration of each kindling should not be more than two hours (for more details: “How to heat a stove with coal and which coal is better”). Dry coal of medium fraction is best suited for heating.
4. To ignite coal equipment, you cannot use various flammable wastes and liquids such as kerosene. In addition, the stove must be supervised during the combustion process, especially if there are animals or children in the house.

The described points are not particularly difficult and make it possible to make the operation of boiler equipment safe.

A couple of reviews

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has been producing sauna stoves for over a decade and a half. The company's product range is represented by four series (lines) of heater stoves, differing from each other not only in shapes and sizes, but also in design features. All Teplodar bath stoves are of high quality, which thousands of customers have been able to verify in practice. That is why the company was able to acquire a reputation as a stable, reliable and very reputable manufacturer.

The quality of heater stoves should be understood as design features and characteristics that allow the model, without exaggeration, to be classified as a work of stove art.

Each of the heater stoves presented below provides quick heating of the steam room with minimal energy costs. The resulting steam has a beneficial effect on the human body, allowing you to relax well and enjoy the sauna.

Bath stoves Termofor large selection

Siberian bath stoves are widely known not only in our country, but also abroad. The product range of this company is constantly updated. The products are characterized by high functionality, compact dimensions and ease of operation. The attractive appearance of the stoves fits into any bath interior: from classic to the most stylish.

On the forums you can read very different reviews about Termofor stoves, but most of them are positive. Some of them:

And I like my Angara stove. We are on Normal for the 2nd year. We heat it with peat briquettes, it’s very warm and there’s not a lot of fuss with the stove.

Bath stoves Termofor

We bought a MERANO stove (imported) for the house, and a GEYSER bath for the same price. Both the house and the bathhouse are approximately the same area (5x5 and 6x4). So, the Thermofor GEYSER heats the room twice as fast, I regret that I bought such a stove for the house (I thought since it was imported, it was better)! The beauty of the stove is not the only advantage! Let's see how it shows itself over time!

I decided to share my impressions. I have a Termofor sauna stove. I recently bought it for a sauna, it’s called Vitruvia. It’s probably hard to call it a stove anymore, because it’s very sophisticated. However, 21st century #8230 It has a very large screen built into it, it’s convenient to watch the combustion and it’s just beautiful. Diagonal 58 cm! It does not darken, it practically does not even need to be wiped (convenient for lazy people and bachelors) The oven heats up very quickly, the steam room is just what you need. In appearance it fits perfectly into a sauna. The stove itself is small, as I chose for my cubic meters

Do you have a strange smell when firing the stove? I myself recently bought, not this one, but from a different manufacturer. Now I’m thinking: will it fade or not?

@Alkard The strange smell is the machine oils that are used to lubricate everything at the factory. I had an odor the first time I used it. Then there were no problems.

Reading reviews about Termofor stoves, you understand that for the most part customers are satisfied with the choice.

Types of sauna stoves produced

Termofor's range of sauna stoves is impressive:

• Osa and Osa INOX are ultra-compact stoves for Russian baths with steam room volumes from 4 to 8 m 3 .
• Compact and Compact INOX – a wood-burning stove for a Finnish sauna, designed for steam rooms from 8 to 14 m 3 .
• Shilka is a wood-burning stove for Russian steam rooms of small volumes - 6-12 m 3.
• Tunguska – middle-class wood-burning sauna stoves for heating rooms from 8-18 m 3 to 12-24 m 3 in the XXL modification.
• Tunguska and Tunguska Vitra are a new version of the popular stove. The firebox has been improved and changes have been made to the design of the heat exchanger for heating water.
• Angara is a stove for a Russian bath, suitable for medium-sized steam rooms of 8-18 m3. All the power of the stove is aimed at heating the stones in an open, unventilated heater.
• Angara is a powerful stove for a Russian steam room with a closed heater.
• Aurora is a powerful stove for medium-sized Finnish dry-air saunas (8-18 m3) with a chimney shifted towards the firebox.
• Geyser is a stove for a Russian bath with a two-stage steam generation system for steam rooms of 8-18 m 3.
• Vitruvia is a fireplace stove with a large glass door (58 cm diagonally) for dry-air steam rooms 8-18 m 3 .
• Sayany - mesh stove for Finnish sauna 8-18 m 3.
• Biryusa is a vertical sauna stove with a closed heater. Suitable for Russian steam room with a volume of 8-18 m3.
• Karasuk is a budget stove made of structural steel 4-6 mm thick.
• Skoroparka is an original wood-burning stove for a Russian bath, designed for steam rooms of 12-20 m 3.
• Kalina is a large stove for a Finnish sauna - designed for a volume of 18-30 m 3 .
• Hekla is a sauna stove for commercial use. Suitable for steam rooms 30-50 m3.

"Shilka"

The wood-burning stove is intended for steam rooms with a small volume - from 6 to 12 cubic meters. Double-walled, with an open heater at the top and a chimney located in the center. It can be made both with a hot water tank (built-in 24 l or mounted) or without it. Firebox with a volume of 43 liters made of heat-resistant steel. The combustion tunnel is extended for embedding into a wall or a regular door without extension. Provides “Russian steam room” bath mode, made of heat-resistant steel with a warranty period of 3 years.

"Biryusa"

The tall and narrow stove for the Russian steam room Biryusa has a closed heater that can hold up to 30 kg of stones. Made of structural steel, has a built-in stainless steel water tank. The updated furnace layout prevents premature boiling of water (the main drawback of the previous design).

Sauna stove Termofor Biryusa

"Wasp" and "Wasp INOX"

The smallest wood-burning stove, the recommended steam room mode is Russian. Designed for mini-steam rooms with a volume of 4 cubic meters or more. up to 8 cubic meters Made of structural steel with a 1-year warranty in the Osa modification and heat-resistant chromium steel in the Osa INOX (3-year warranty).

Is it possible to fire a stove with charcoal?

Coal is used to fire stoves and boilers - stone, wood and brown. Hard coal has the highest energy value, brown coal has the lowest energy value. Wood is less often used as the main fuel material, although its specific calorific value is higher than that of firewood or fuel briquettes.

The benefits of charcoal are as follows:

1. During the combustion process, no unpleasant odors or smoke are released.
2. Does not contain hazardous components.
3. Has a high calorific value.
4. Burns longer than other fuels.
5. Does not crumble during transportation.

Despite all the advantages, fuel has a significant drawback - high cost. So, for 1 kg of charcoal you will have to pay twice as much as for the same volume of hard coal. You can reduce the cost of purchasing raw materials by making them yourself. To produce 1000 kg of charcoal, you will need to burn 10 cubic meters. m of wood.

It is possible to use charcoal to kindle heating equipment, but it is not economically profitable.

KUBAN 20L

• The presence of a steam gun effect
• No cooking surface
• The oven is designed for a steam room with a volume of up to 20 cubic meters.
• Works in wet steaming mode, Russian bath effect
• The firebox is made of stainless steel
• Steam is achieved by stones + steam gun
• Remote type fuel channel
• Has an additional function - water heating
• The Kuban sauna stove is equipped with a blind door
• Purpose of the device – household
• Loading stones up to 40kg
• Operational service life up to 10 years
• Possibility to use firewood and briquettes
• The chimney of the sauna stove has a diameter of 115 mm
• Oven parameters – 865x500x700
• Weighs 49kg
• Provides a two-year warranty
• The manufacturer is Teplodar
• Price from 22000 rubles

Which fuel to choose

Coal is a chemical compound containing a number of hydrocarbons and impurities with a low combustion rate. These substances are formed in the lower chamber of the boiler after combustion. This is slag and ash that needs to be regularly cleaned out of the ash pit. Moreover, each species, depending on geography and period of occurrence, contains a certain level of carbon. It is the age and the ratio of flammable and non-flammable components that determine the quality and grade of the solid fuel mineral.

There are several types:

1. The youngest of the subspecies is lingitis. It is a loose stone structure. It often crumbles and crumbles. Ineffective for heating houses. However, it is considered the cheapest and is used for energy production in thermal power plants.
2. Anthracite is the variety that warmed up most deeply when buried. It is a transitional form from coal to graphite. The amount of carbon reaches 95%. The most effective among all varieties.
3. Hard coal is the result of the transformation of bitumen masses. Divided into several grades depending on carbon content, from 75-95%. Humidity reaches 12-15%.
4. The brown subspecies, unlike other varieties, is formed from peat and includes up to 70% carbon. It has a characteristic white color. Can be used as fuel or raw material. Also includes a large number of volatile compounds.

Different grades
Due to its minimal weight and significant carbon content, it is anthracite that has the maximum specific heat capacity. Indicators can reach 9 thousand Kcal/kg. Coal, due to its lower content of flammable substances and higher humidity, has up to 5.5 thousand kilocalories per kilogram. Brown has an even lower rate of 3 kcal/kg. Therefore, anthracite is considered the optimal choice.

Coal selection

To have an idea of ​​how to properly heat a long-burning boiler, you must definitely consider the fuel used for this. Coal is a natural material containing carbon and non-combustible elements. When burned, the latter become ash and other solid deposits. The ratio of components in the composition of coal can be different, and it is this parameter, coupled with the duration of occurrence of the material, that determines the grade of the finished fuel.

The following grades of coal exist:

• Lignite, which has a rather loose structure, has the shortest period of occurrence among all types of coal. It makes no sense to consider this material, since it is not suitable for heating private houses.
• More ancient deposits are brown and hard coal, as well as anthracite. Anthracite has the highest heat capacity, followed by hard coal, and the least efficient is brown coal.

When deciding what kind of coal to heat a boiler with, you need to evaluate the characteristics of a specific brand of raw material. Good coal for heating has a fairly high heat transfer and a long period of complete combustion - one load of fuel can burn for up to 12 hours, which allows you to reduce the number of loads per day to two. The presence of different types of coal on the market allows you to choose the most suitable material, depending on your financial capabilities.

The specific heat capacity of anthracite is about 9 thousand kcal/kg. This is quite a large value - the heat capacity of hard coal is almost two times lower, and brown coal is three times lower in efficiency. If you take these parameters into account, then the choice of the most suitable fuel for heating is obvious - but do not forget that you have to pay much more for the most heat-intensive coal for heating the boiler.

How to remove ash

If the boiler is heated exclusively with wood, then cleaning up combustion products is quite simple. After burning out, the ash will fall down through the cast iron grate. After which it can be removed from there using a spatula. However, it is advisable to remove flammable objects and liquids.

When using coal, the burnout time is significantly longer. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to clean a slagged niche in a timely manner. To prevent this effect, it is necessary to additionally lay layers of coal with layers of wood. Or by significantly increasing the temperature in the boiler. This can easily be achieved by increasing the draft, so either activate the fan or use boosting techniques.

The use of solid raw materials as an element for heating has several advantages over firewood. Heating with peat or carbon analogues makes ignition much easier, and solid fuel minerals will burn at a higher temperature. The use of combined materials helps. Using firewood in combination with coal is the best option for a private home.

Ignition of fuel

You cannot fill a chamber full of coal; this is the difference between it and wood fuel. When burning, you need to add a small amount up to one third of the entire firebox. Solid fuel material can provide three hours of stable heat. One portion of the bookmark should be enough for 12 hours. It is recommended to heat the stove several times a day, but no more than 3 times. It is thoroughly checked beforehand and, if necessary, cleaned.

Additional fuel can be supplied manually. Be sure to close the vent before doing this. When lining it is necessary to focus on the water temperature. Typically the recommended temperature is 80°C. For longer burning, you can fill the firebox with coal up to half, no more. Adding more fuel than required may damage the grille. All the coal does not burn out, but is sintered, solidifying on the grate, after which cleaning is quite difficult.

In order to properly heat the boiler, you should add fuel alternately - wood, then coal, then wood again

For charcoal lighting, you need to prepare small wood chips. We lay them on a layer of paper, preferably in a hut, and light them. As soon as the wood chips flare up, you can pour a thin layer of up to 15 cm of small pebbles or crumbs. Only after everything has flared up do they add coarse coal and continue to heat the boiler. After turning the coals from caking and for a better flow of fresh air, you can add another portion. The recommended stacking height is up to 60 cm. For better combustion, a constant flow of air is necessary, this can be ensured by opening the door at the bottom.

A stove with a closed ashpit will not provide the necessary heat, as the fuel will begin to fade and smoke, and may even go out completely.

As soon as the coal no longer glows with blue lights, the view can be closed. To be safe from carbon monoxide, you need to make sure that everything has burned out, then clean out the accumulated slag and ash. Only then can you cover the chimney. If it is not closed in time, the cold air will quickly cool the system and the entire room. The remaining coal and large slag can be heated again.

Design of the boiler automatic ignition device

Cleaning the stove from slag and ash is a little different from cleaning it after firewood. Burnt firewood falls into the chamber below on its own. The burning time with coal is much longer, so removing the slag on time is quite problematic. You can solve the problem by starting to burn the material in layers, one row is wood, the next is coal. Or another way using increased temperature. When you can regulate the air draft, the need for firewood will disappear.

If you follow all the recommendations, the boiler will last for many years, and once you learn how to heat it correctly with coal, it won’t be difficult.

Sahara

A steam room equipped with a Sahara stove-heater can easily turn into both a traditional Russian bathhouse and a classic Finnish sauna. The stoves have a unique ergonomic design; they embody the principle of the “golden ratio” without violating proportions or smoothing corners. This shape allows it to fit well into almost any interior.

When developing the design of the Sahara stove, the principles of maximum comfort in operation with aesthetic appearance and operational efficiency were embodied. Heating of the stones is ensured from five sides; the fastest heating is achieved due to the successful placement of the chimney parallel to the axis.

The creation of a microclimate similar to a Russian bath and Finnish sauna is ensured by installing an additional converter.

Teplodar sauna stoves can be called, without a shadow of exaggeration, a work of stove art; all products are characterized by a stylish design, high functionality, reliable operation and ease of operation.

" What

How to reduce coal consumption

An increase in the rate of coal consumption, after several years of operation of the boiler, occurs quite often. The increase in costs is primarily due to clogging of the heat exchanger and chimney pipe with soot. It is recommended to completely clean the chimney and internal components of the boiler at least 2 times a year.

To reduce coal consumption, you need to fire the boiler correctly. To reduce the amount of soot, add fuel in layers - firewood and coal. This installation will ensure maximum heat transfer. Coal consumption changes depending on the boiler efficiency. Consequently, the higher the efficiency, the lower the fuel costs.

Another way to reduce coal consumption is to burn only high-quality fuel. Cheap raw materials, brown coal, have a large percentage of underburned coal, quickly clog the chimney and heat exchanger and, as a result, are more expensive than anthracite.

Qualitative parameters

Hard coal is a sedimentary rock that can contain a variety of elements that can greatly influence the choice of fuel depending on the application. Basically, when determining a suitable brand, they are guided by a number of characteristics. Thus, when choosing coal for coking, as many as 30 parameters are assessed. Of course, if you buy charcoal with delivery for household purposes, then there are not so many requirements, but you still need to know the properties of the fuel.

Caloric value or calorific value

The unit of measurement is Kcal/kg, the indicator reflects how much heat will be obtained during fuel combustion. Brown coals give off the least amount of heat – up to 4,500 Kcal/kg; the most heat comes from anthracite and coking coal – 8,600 and 8,700 Kcal/kg, respectively.

Ash content

One of the most important indicators of coal quality. The less ash is formed during fuel combustion, the more heat can be obtained. The resulting residue consists of various non-flammable impurities that reduce the efficiency of heat transfer. The parameter is indicated as a percentage. For high-grade coal, the figure does not reach 25%, while for low-grade coal it can be 40% or even higher. It is necessary to take into account the amount of remaining ash not only due to heat transfer from the fuel, but also due to contamination of the boiler itself, pipes and channels that ensure its operation. Constantly appearing soot and ash require regular removal.

Humidity

There are two types: superficial and internal. The first can be eliminated when the fuel is exposed to air, and the second can be eliminated directly during the combustion process. The damper the coal, the less heat it will give off. In winter, it is sometimes possible to notice the amount of moisture content even upon inspection: if individual particles are stuck together, the fuel is caked, then there is a lot of water. It is not recommended to specifically wet the coal except in cases where it is too dusty. Water promotes the formation of lumps, thereby providing better air circulation.

Features of boiler combustion in winter

Winter is the period of most active operation of the heating system. To prevent vital devices from breaking down in severe frosts, you should take care in advance to prepare the boiler for winter. To do this, the system is first cleaned of soot - chimney pipes, channels, grates. This will allow the heating to operate at maximum efficiency and extend its service life.

In winter, it is very important to maintain a stable temperature in the home, which means that you will have to periodically fill the firebox with raw materials. You can increase the efficiency of one bookmark by installing a heat accumulator

It is able to accumulate the heat produced by the system, quickly warming up the radiators and water supply. As a result, even after the fuel has completely burned out, the coolant in the system will remain hot for several hours. This is especially true at night, when it is not possible to regularly feed the boiler.

How much coal is needed for the winter?

In order not to be left without fuel in severe frosts and not to think about where to put coal in the summer, it is necessary to evaluate a number of parameters before purchasing this or that volume.

These include:

• room area, wall material and insulation thickness;
• type of windows, doors, degree of ventilation;
• type of fuel, boiler, coal laying scheme;
• temperature changes in the region, duration of cold weather.

As practice shows, heating a brick house requires 35% more fuel than heating a wooden or aerated concrete block building. This is due to the fact that brick, due to its characteristics, takes away some of the heat. Approximately for a house with an area of ​​90 square meters, built of slag concrete with a wall thickness of 45 cm, with stove heating you will need from 2.5 to 3.5 tons of coal (2/3 of the volume is “seed”, the rest is anthracite “nut”) depending on changing temperature. If such a structure does not have additional insulation, then the amount of fuel purchased will already be at least 6-7 tons. Wooden house made of timber with an area of ​​80 sq.m. at a minimum temperature in winter of up to -40 °C (about 1.5 months and up to -20 °C the rest of the time), you will have to heat it with 5 tons of coal and 5 tons of firewood.