Ventilation in the bathroom: standards, types, how to do it yourself

Air exchange rate in retail premises (shops)

№	Room	Estimated air temperature for the cold period of the year, °C	Air exchange rate or the amount of air removed from the premises
№	Room		influx	hood
1	Sales areas of stores with an area of 400 m2 or less:
	food	16	—	1
	non-food	16	—	1
2	Sales areas of stores with an area of more than 400 m2:
	food	16	By calculation	By calculation
	non-food	16	By calculation	By calculation
3	Razrubochnaya	10	3	4
4	Unloading premises	10	By calculation	By calculation
5	Premises for preparing goods for sale (if placed in a separate room), picking, receiving	16	2	1
6	Storerooms (unrefrigerated):
	bread, confectionery;	16	—	0,5
	gastronomy, fish, milk, fruits, vegetables, pickles, wine, beer, drinks;	8	—	1
	shoes, perfumes, household chemicals, chemicals;	16	—	2
	other goods	16	—	0,5
6.1	Room for preparing goods for sale (if placed in a separate room), picking, acceptance, expeditions	16	2	1
7	Premises for displaying new products (if placed in a separate room)	16	2	2
8	Ironing	16	By calculation	By calculation
9	Garbage chambers (unheated)	—	—	—
10	Room for mechanized pressing of paper waste	16	—	1,5
Storage facilities:
11	packaging materials and equipment	16(8)	—	1
12	exchange fund containers	—	—	1
13	containers	8	—	1
14	cleaning equipment, detergents	16	—	1,5
15	Linen room	18	—	0,5
16	Workshops, laboratories	18	2	3(2)
17	Refrigerated containment chambers:
	meat, semi-finished products, gastronomy	0	—	—
	fish	-2	—	—
	vegetables, fruits, confectionery, drinks	4	4	4
	ice cream, dumplings, etc.	-12	Periodically
	food waste	2	—	10
18	Air cooled machine rooms	5	By calculation
19	Water-cooled refrigerated machine rooms	5	2	3
20	Office premises, staff room, main cash register, security room, automated control center	18	—	1
21	Dressing rooms, utility room for catering establishment staff, meal room	16	—	1
22	Public toilets for customers and staff toilets	16	—	50 m3/h per toilet
23	Showers	25	—	5
24	Dispensary room (if the store is located in the underground floors)	20	—	60 m3/h per person
25	Premises for receiving and issuing orders	12	—	1
26	Glass container reception premises	16	—	1
27	Health center	20	1	1

Design air exchange

The calculated value of air exchange is taken to be the maximum value from calculations of heat input, moisture input, harmful vapors and gases, sanitary standards, compensation for local exhaust hoods and the standard air exchange rate.

The air exchange of residential and public premises is usually calculated according to the air exchange rate or according to sanitary standards.

After calculating the required air exchange, an air balance of the premises is compiled, the number of air distributors is selected, and an aerodynamic calculation of the system is made. Therefore, we advise you not to neglect air exchange calculations if you want to create comfortable conditions for your stay in the room.

Air exchange rate in the premises of public catering establishments

№	Names of premises	Design air temperature, °C	Air change rate per hour
№	Names of premises	Design air temperature, °C	influx	hood
1	Hall, distribution room	16	According to calculations, but not less than 30 m3/h per person.
2	Lobby, antechamber	16	2	—
3	Cookery store	16	3	2
4	Hot shop, confectionery baking room	5	According to calculations, but not less than 100 m3/h per person.
5	Shops: pre-cooking, cold, meat, poultry, fish, herbs and vegetables processing	18	3	4
6	Production Manager's Office	18	2	—
7	Room for flour products and finishing of confectionery products, linen	18	1	2
8	Room for cutting bread, for preparing ice cream, serving room, utility room	18	1	1
9	Washing: tableware, kitchen utensils, vessels, containers	18	4	6
10	Director's office, office, main cash register, rooms for waiters, staff, storekeeper	18	4	6
11	Dry food pantry, equipment pantry, wine and vodka pantry, beer storage room	12	—	1
12	Pantries of vegetables, pickles, containers	5	—	2
13	Reception	16	3	—
14	Engine room of refrigerated chambers with air-cooled units	By calculation	By calculation	By calculation
15	The same, with water-cooled units	—	3	4
16	Repair shops	16	2	3
17	Premises of public organizations	16	1	1
18	Refrigerated storage chambers:
meat	0	—	—
fish	-2	—	—
dairy and fat products, gastronomy	2	—	—
semi-finished products, including highly prepared	0	—	—
vegetables, fruits, berries, drinks	4	4	4
confectionery	4	—	—
wines and drinks	6	—	—
ice cream and frozen fruit	-15	—	—
food waste	5	—	10
19	Smoking room	16	—	10
20	Unloading premises	10	By calculation	By calculation

Notes: 1. The air temperatures in the rooms (except for refrigerated chambers) indicated in the table are calculated when designing heating systems.

2. In buffets, bars, cocktail lounges, banquet halls located in separate rooms, the air ratio is minus 3.

3. The air temperatures in the refrigerated chambers indicated in the table are maintained around the clock throughout the year. In chambers for the simultaneous storage of meat and fish or meat and fish semi-finished products, accept temperatures of ±0 ° C; for semi-finished vegetable products +2 °C; for storing all products (1 chamber in the enterprise) ±2 °C.

Air exchange rates

This table shows the values of air exchange rates for domestic premises: Air exchange rates for industrial premises and rooms with a significant volume:

The data presented above is taken from the directories of the famous Ukrainian company Vents.

Air flow rates for modulated equipment

№	Equipment	Brand	kW	Air quantity, m3/h
№	Equipment	Brand	kW	Exhaust	Supply air
1	Electric stove	PE-0.17	4	250	200
2	PE-0.17-01	4	250	200
3	Electric stove	PE-0.51	12	750	400
4	PE-0.51-01	12	750	400
5	Frying cabinet	ShZhE-0.51	8	400	—
6	ShZhE-0.51-01	8	400	—
7	ShZhE-0.85	12	500	—
8	ShZhE-0.85-1	12	500	—
9	Electric device, cooking	UEV-60	9,45	650	400
10	Mobile boiler	KP-60	—	—	—
11	deep fryer	FE-20	7,5	350	200
12	Cooking kettle with capacity, l:
100	KE-100	18,9	550	400
160	KE-160	24	650	400
250	KE-250	30	750	400
13	Steamer	APE-0.23A	7,5	650	400
APE-0.23A-01	7,5	650	400
14	Electric frying pan	SE-0.22	5	450	400
SE-0.22-01	5	450	400
SE-0.45	11,5	700	400
SE-0.45-01	11,5	700	400
15	Steam table	ITU-0.84	2,5	300	200
ITU-0.84-01	2,5	300	200
16	Mobile food warmer	MP-28	0,63	—	—

Source: “Design of public catering establishments” Reference manual for SNiP 2.08.02-89

Air exchange rate in the premises of sports and recreational institutions

№	Names of premises	Design air temperature, °C	Air change rate per hour
№	Names of premises	Design air temperature, °C	influx	hood
1	Gymnasiums without seats for spectators (except for rhythmic gymnastics halls)	15	According to calculations, but not less than 80 m3/h per student
2	Rhythmic gymnastics halls and choreographic classes	18	According to calculations, but not less than 80 m3/h per student
3	Rooms for individual strength and acrobatic training, individual warm-up before competitions	16	2	3
4	Workshops	16	2	3
5	Classrooms, teaching rooms, rooms for instructors and coaching staff, judges, press, administrative and engineering staff	18	3	2
6	Household premises for workers and public order officers	18	2	3
7	Fire station room	18	—	2
8	Wardrobe for outerwear for exercising	16	—	2
9	Locker room (including for massages)	25	Balanced including showers	2 (via showers)
10	Showers	25	5	10
11	Massage	22	4	4
12	Sanitary facilities:
common use	16	—	100 m3/h per toilet or urinal
for those working out (at the changing rooms)	20	—	50 m3/h per toilet or urinal
personal use	16	—	25 m3/h per toilet or urinal
13	Washrooms in public sanitary facilities	16	—	Due to sanitary facilities
14	Inventory in the halls	15	—	1
15	Storerooms and warehouses:	—
with permanent presence of service personnel;	16	—	2
with short-term stay of service personnel	10	—	1
16	Warehouses for reagents, household chemicals and paints	10	—	2
17	Rooms for drying sportswear	22	2	2

Types of ventilation

There are 2 main types of ventilation: natural and artificial. In the first case, air exchange occurs due to the difference in pressure indoors and outdoors. Natural ventilation is provided by windows, vents, doors, and various cracks. That is, no devices are used for air circulation.

Forced (or artificial) ventilation in the bathroom is provided through the operation of a special device that sets air flows in motion. The principle of its operation is simple: the fan draws air outside, and air enters the room from the street or from other rooms.

The following types are distinguished by purpose:

exhaust ventilation, i.e. removing polluted air;
supply, aimed at supplying additional volumes of air from outside;
mixed, i.e., performing the functions of both types mentioned above.

Air exchange rate in the premises of a financial institution

№	Names of premises	Design air temperature, °C	Air change rate per hour
№	Names of premises	Design air temperature, °C	influx	hood
1.	Operating and cash rooms	18	Based on the assimilation of excess heat and moisture, but not less than twofold air exchange
2.	Common work rooms, coin counting desks	18	2	2
3.	Room for meetings and negotiations	18	3	3
4.	Banknote counter	18	3	3
5.	Computer equipment premises, computer center	18	Based on the assimilation of heat and moisture excess
6.	Communications (teletypewriter) and photocopying room	18	2,5	2,5
7.	Offices and reception areas	18	1,5	1,5
8.	Archive, storage room for forms, storage room for equipment and inventory, storage room for banking materials, room for storing personal belongings of cashiers	18	—	1,5
9.	Repair shops	18	2	2
10.	Meal room, buffet	16	3	4
11.	Room for storing weapons, loading and cleaning weapons	16	—	1
12.	Boxes for cash-in-transit vehicles	18	According to the design standards for parking garages
13.	Security premises with fire station	18	1	1,5
14.	Women's personal hygiene rooms	23	—	5
15.	Sanitary facilities	16	—	50 m3/h per toilet or urinal
16.	Lobby	16	2	—
17.	Dressing rooms	16	—	2
18.	Premises for placing sources of uninterruptible power supply	16	Based on the assimilation of heat and moisture excess

A little about air exchange

As you know, natural ventilation systems are designed in residential buildings.

The places where air is removed from the premises are the kitchen, bath, toilet, that is, the most contaminated areas of the apartment. Supply outside air enters through cracks, windows, and doors.

Over time, the materials and design of windows have improved. Current structures are completely sealed, which does not allow for the necessary air exchange and to satisfy the minimum air exchange rate .

Such problems are solved by installing various air supply systems. These include supply valves in the wall, as well as supply valves in windows.

2.Calculation of air exchange

Air exchange is the amount of air required to completely or partially replace polluted air in a room. Air exchange is measured in cubic meters per hour.

How do you calculate air exchange ? In general, air exchange is determined by the type of air pollutants found in a given room.

The main calculations of air exchange are calculations based on sanitary standards, calculations based on normalized multiplicity, and calculations based on compensation for local exhaust hoods. There is also air exchange for the assimilation of sensible and total heat, for the removal of moisture, and for the dilution of harmful substances in the air. For each of these criteria there is its own method for calculating air exchange.

Before you start calculating air exchange, you need to know the following data:

the amount of harmful emissions into the room (heat, moisture, gases, vapors) in one hour;
the amount of harmful substances per cubic meter of indoor air.

Air exchange rate in administrative and domestic buildings

SNiP 2.09.04—87*

№	Premises	Temperature during the cold season	Frequency or volume of air exchange, m3/h
№	Premises	Temperature during the cold season	Inflow	Hood
1.	Lobbies	+16°	2	—
2.	Heated passages	Not lower than 6°C of the design temperature of the rooms connected by heated passages	—	—
3.	Streetwear wardrobes	+16°	—	1
4.	Dressing rooms for joint storage of all types of clothing with incomplete dressing of workers	+18°	Based on compensation for exhaust from showers (but not less than one air exchange per hour)	According to clause 4.8
5.	Dressing rooms for showers (pre-showers), as well as with a complete change of clothes for workers a) dressing rooms for work clothes	+23°	5	5
5.	b) dressing rooms for home (street and home) clothes	+23°	Based on compensation for exhaust from showers (but not less than one air exchange per hour)	According to clause 4.8
6.	Showers	+25°	—	75 m3/h for 1 shower screen
7.	Restrooms	+16°	—	50 m3/h for 1 toilet and 25 m3/h for 1 urinal
8.	Washrooms at restrooms	+16°	—	1
9.	Smoking rooms	+16°	—	10
10.	Rooms for rest, heating or cooling	+22°	2 (but not less than 30 m3/h per 1 person.	3
11.	Premises for women's personal hygiene	+23°	2	2
12.	Rooms for repair of workwear	+16°	2	3
13.	Shoe repair facilities	+16°	2	3
14.	Premises of departments, design bureaus, public organizations, area: a) no more than 36 m2	+18°	1,5	—
14.	b) more than 36 m2	+18°	By calculation
15.	Rooms for drying work clothes	According to technological requirements within 16-33°C	Same
16.	Rooms for dust removal of work clothes	+16°	«

Source: Administrative and domestic buildings SNiP 2.09.04—87*

Standards and requirements for ventilation in the office

Ventilation in the office is a heterogeneous concept. There is a list of standards for each type of room; air exchange rates depend on the type of room and the number of people who are constantly in it. Accordingly, the exact standard is established per person and adapted to a specific premises by multiplying the standard value by the number of employees.

Air exchange standards for office premises

TYPE OF PREMISES	AIR EXCHANGE RATE PER PERSON, M3 PER HOUR
Cabinet	60
The meeting room	40
Corridor	11
Meeting room	30
Reception	40
Bathroom	75
Smoking rooms	100

The recommended air exchange rate according to GOST 30494-2011 is up to 0.1 meters per second, regardless of the season. It is easy to calculate that to maintain the volume of air exchange at the required speed, vent ventilation is not suitable; you need a high-quality air supply and exhaust system, which will be almost constant.

In addition, since the load on office ventilation is higher than on ordinary household ventilation, higher requirements are placed on it:

Constant supply of fresh air in the required volume
Exhaust air removalv
Air filtration from at least dust and large contaminants
Comfortable noise level
Convenient control
Moderate power consumption
Ability to regulate the temperature of incoming air to avoid drafts
Small dimensions
Simple installation without repairs in the office

Air exchange rate in healthcare institutions

№	Name of premises	T, °C	Air exchange rate		Category by frequency of premises	Exhaust ratio with natural air exchange
№	Name of premises	T, °C	influx	hood	Category by frequency of premises	Exhaust ratio with natural air exchange
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
I.	Hospitals, clinics, emergency and ambulance stations
1.	Manipulation-toilet rooms for newborns	25	2	H	2
2.	Manipulation with the use of chlorpromazine	22	8	10	G	not allowed
3.	Doctors' offices, staff rooms, rest rooms for patients using hydrotherapy and mud therapy procedures, acupuncture rooms, discharge rooms, audiometry rooms, anthropometry rooms, dispatch rooms for receiving calls and sending teams, room for filling out documents, rest room for dispatchers, doctors, paramedics, orderlies, drivers , mobile teams, medical statistics	20	influx from the corridor	11	H	1
4.	Angiography rooms, X-ray diagnostic rooms, treatment rooms and dressing rooms, fluorography rooms, electrolight therapy rooms, massage room	20	3	4	G	not allowed
5.	Undressing rooms in X-ray rooms	20	3	—	H	»
6.	Procedural for X-ray. dental images, washing laboratory glassware, pathology departments, control room of X-ray rooms and radiology departments, photo laboratory	18	3	4	G	»
7.	Sterilization in operating rooms	18	—	3 septic departments	G	2
3	aseptic departments	H	2
8.	Laboratories and rooms for analysis, rooms (rooms) for radiotelemetry, endocrinology and other studies, rooms for receiving, sorting and taking samples for laboratory tests, installation and washing rooms for an artificial kidney and rooms for a heart-lung machine, solution-demineralization, preparation laboratories, rooms for staining smears, weighing, colorimetric, media preparation, material and hardware laboratories, fixation, prescription, rooms for the preparation of dressings and surgical materials and linen, control, acquisition and packaging of instruments, reception, disassembly, washing and drying of surgical instruments, syringes, needles , catheter, treatment rooms for antipsychotic treatment, radio post, voice recording center, current sterilization rooms, hardware room	18	—	3	see table 3	2
9.	Halls of therapeutic physical culture	18	50 m3/hour per student in the gym 80%	100 %	G
10.	Functional diagnostic rooms, sigmoidoscopy rooms	22	—	3	G	2
11.	Rooms for physical therapy, mechanotherapy, dental rooms, probing rooms, rooms for deworming	20	2	3	G	2
12.	Premises (rooms) for sanitary treatment of patients, showers, personal hygiene cabins, premises for subaqueous, hydrogen sulfide and other baths (except radon), premises for heating paraffin and ozokerite, therapeutic swimming pools	25	3	5	G	2
13.	Premises for storing plaster bandages, plaster, museums and preparatory rooms in pathology departments, compressor inhalation rooms, central linen rooms, storerooms for infected linen and bedding, storerooms for household equipment, storerooms for patients' things and ironing, instrumental materials, storerooms for reagents and equipment in pathology departments departments, rooms for routine repairs of physiotherapy equipment, storage of boxes for visiting teams, a current supply of medicines, a pharmacy room, a pantry for a month's supply of medicines, a pantry for non-sterile materials and linen	18	—	1	G	1
14.	Sterilization-autoclave central sterilization rooms:	18	by calculation	is allowed
a) clean compartment	100 %	—	H
b) dirty compartment	—	100 %	G
15.	Rooms for washing, sterilization and storage of vessels, pots, washing and drying oilcloths, sorting and temporary storage of dirty linen, storage of cleaning items, rooms for temporary storage of linen and solid waste contaminated with radioactive substances, storage rooms for acids and disinfectants, stretcher washing rooms and oilcloths, a room for drying clothes and shoes of visiting teams	18	—	5	G	3
16.	Registration offices, information lobbies, dressing rooms, rooms for receiving packages for patients, a waiting room, storerooms for warm clothes on the verandas, pantries, dining rooms for patients, distribution rooms with utility rooms in milk distribution points, storerooms for patients’ clothes and clothes, medical archives	18	—	1	G	1
17.	Rooms for processing rubber gloves, for washing and sterilizing tableware and kitchen utensils in the buffet and dining rooms, hairdressing salons for serving patients, dummy rooms	18	2	3	G	2
18.	Storage facilities for radioactive substances, packaging and washing in radiological departments, washing in laboratories	18	5	6	G	not allowed
19.	Treatment rooms in rooms for static and mobile tele-gamma therapy, rooms for centralization in rooms for mobile tele-gamma therapy, treatment rooms for X-ray therapy, microwave therapy rooms, ultra-high frequency therapy rooms, thermotherapy rooms, wrap rooms, rooms for preparing solutions for radon vayans, ultrasound treatment rooms	20	4	5	G	»
20.	Changing rooms and undressing rooms in hydrotherapy departments	23	influx according to the balance of exhaust from the halls with baths, mud procedures		H	2
21.	Corpse storage rooms	2	—	3	G	3
22.	Premises for radon baths, mud therapy rooms. shower room with a lectern, mud therapy rooms for gynecological procedures	25	4	5	G	doesn't go down
23.	Premises for storing and regenerating dirt	12	2	10	G	»
24.	Rooms for dressing corpses, issuing corpses, storage rooms for funeral supplies, for processing and preparing for burial of infected corpses, rooms for storing bleach	14	—	3	G	»
25.	Disinfection chamber premises:
a) reception rooms;	16	from a clean compartment	3	G	»
b) dirty compartments:	from a clean compartment	5	G	»
c) unloading (clean) compartments	5	Through dirty compartments
26.	Sluices for hydrogen sulfide baths	25	3	4	H	not allowed
27.	Undressing rooms for hydrogen sulfide baths	25	3	3	H	»
28.	Room for preparing a solution of hydrogen sulfide baths and storing reagents	20	5	6	G	»
29.	Room for washing and drying sheets, canvases, tarpaulins, mud kitchens	16	6	10	G	»
30.	Inhalations (procedural)	20	8	10	G
31.	Sectional	16	—	4	G	4
32.	Airlocks in front of neonatal wards	22	by calculation, but not less than 5 times the exchange	H	not allowed
33.	Rooms for the discharge of postpartum women and irradiation of children with a quartz lamp	22	—	1	H	1
34.	Bathrooms	20	—	50 m3 for 1 toilet and 20 m3 for 1 urinal	G	3
35.	Washrooms	20	—	3	G	3
36.	Enema	20	—	5	G	2
37.	Airlocks in boxes and semi-boxes of infectious diseases departments	22	by calculation, but not less than 5 times the exchange		H	not allowed
38.	Small operating rooms	22	10	5	H	1
39.	Premises of hospital pharmacies (see section General self-supporting pharmacies)
Vivariums5)
40.	Quarantine section for entry of vehicles with animals. Reception room with a warm vestibule	16	1	1	G	1
41.	Sink for dogs, cats, miniature pigs with bathtub and circular shower	22	3	5	G	2
42.	Hot air drying for dogs and miniature pigs	25	3	5	G	2
43.	Room for keeping laboratory animals:6)
a) mice	20:22	10	12	G	2
b) hamsters	20	10	12	G	2
c) guinea pigs	14:16	8	10	G	2
d) rabbits7)	5	8	10	G	2
e) dogs (with access to walking)	14	8	10	G	2
e) cats	18	10	12	G	2
g) sheep (with access to walking)	5	10	12	G	2
h) dwarf pigs	18	10	12	G	2
i) roosters	18	10	12	G	2
44.	Staff quarters	18	1	1	H	1
45.	Warehouse of cages and equipment	10	—	1	G	1
46.	Inspection of sick animals and disinfection	20	8	10	G	2
47.	Isolator for large animals	15	8	10	G	2
48.	Premises for storing and preparing disinfectants (with a fume hood)	18	according to technologists		G	3
49.	Storage of feed and bedding	10	—	1	G	1
Disinfection and washing department
50.	Cleaning and washing equipment:
a) during manual washing;	16	3	5	G	2
b) when washing by machine:
rough cleaning room	16	3	5	G	2
washing	16	5	6	G	2
51.	Sterilization and drying of equipment	18	by calculation	H	not allowed
52.	Storage of clean cages, racks, containers, feeders, stretchers, bedding	10	—	1	G	1
53.	Loading food, water, and bedding into cages	18	—	3	G	1
54.	Temporary storage of animal carcasses	2:4	—	3	G	3
Department for keeping experimental animals
Block for keeping small laboratory rodents (mice, rats, guinea pigs) in conditions that exclude the penetration of pathogenic flora8) Premises of the barrier zone.
55.	Forced sanitary inspection	25	3	5	G	not allowed
56.	Dressing in sterile clothing:	1
- clean zone	25	by calculation	H	»
- dirty area	25	»	G	»
57.	Sterilization room with steam autoclave	18	»	G	»
58.	Bactericidal hydrolock:	18	3	H	»
- clean zone	18	3	H	»
- dirty area	18	3	G	»
59.	Germicidal airlock	18	by calculation	H	»
Premises of the barrier zone3)
60.	Room for keeping SV&B animals and conducting experiments:
a) for mice	20:22	15	10	VERY	»
b) for rats	18	15	10	VERY	not allowed
c) for guinea pigs	14:16	15	10	VERY	»
61.	Experiment room	20	VERY	»
62.	Staff	18	1	1	VERY	»
63.	Warehouse for sterile equipment, feed, bedding	18	1	1	VERY	»
64.	Distribution and distribution of feed	18	1	1	VERY	»
65.	Water sterilization	18	1	1	VERY	»
Block for keeping laboratory animals under normal conditions
66.	Premises for keeping laboratory animals (except rams)	according to points 50a: 50i
67.	Experimentation rooms	18	1	3	G	2
68.	Surgical section premises:
a) preoperative with sterilization	18	1	2,5	H	not allowed
b) operating room, postoperative room, room for intensive care of convalescent animals	20:22	by calculation	VERY	—
69.	Premises for infecting animals and working with them:
a) premises for toxicological studies	18
b) premises for infecting animals (handling room, boxes for control animals)	18	5	6	G	not allowed
c) personnel and specialists	18	—	1,.5	H	»
d) storage of clean: equipment, feed, bedding	18	—	1	G	»
e) waste collection	10	—	10	G	»
Veterinary Services Department
70.	Doctor's office	18	1	1	H	»
71.	Sectional	16	3	3	G	»
72.	Laboratory diagnostics with animal autopsy box	18	1	3	G	»
78.	Storage of medicines	18	1	3	G	not allowed
74.	Isolation unit for sick animals:
a) patient room with airlock	according to points 50a-50i
b) storage of feeders, cages, equipment, storage of bedding and feed	10	—	1	G	»
c) staff	18	1	1	H	»
d) cleaning items with tap, drain and drying	10	—	10	G	»
Feed preparation department
75.	Preparation of vegetables from the washing machine, preparation of grain mixtures	16	3	4	G	»
76.	Digestion hall	16	by calculation	»
77.	Washing - kitchen utensils	18	4	6	G	»
78.	Feed sterilization	18	1	3	G	»
79.	Refrigerated chamber for food products	2-4	—	—	G	»
II. General self-supporting pharmacies
80.	Public service halls	16	3	4	G	3
81.	Work rooms or isolated work areas in the service hall, forwarding rooms for receiving and processing orders of an attached institution, prescription	18	2	1	H	1
82.	Assistant, aseptic, defector, walk-through gateway; blanking and filling with a sluice, sealing and control-marking sterilization-autoclave, sterilization distillation	18	4	2	H	1
83.	Packaging room, control and analytical room, washing room, sterilization solution room, distillation and sterilization room, coctorium, unpacking room	18	2	3	G	1
84.	Premises for the preparation of dosage forms under aseptic conditions	18	4	2	VERY	not allowed
85.	Main stock storage premises:
a) medicinal substances, finished medicinal products, including thermolabile and medical supplies; dressings	18	2	3	G	1
b) medicinal plant materials	18	3	4	G	3
c) mineral waters, medical glass and returnable transport containers, glasses and other optical items, auxiliary materials, clean dishes	18	—	1	G	1
d) poisonous drugs and drugs	18	—	3	G	3
86.	Flammable and combustible liquids	18	—	10	G	5
87.	Disinfectants and acids, disinfection with airlock	18	—	5	G	3
88.	Administrative premises	according to paragraphs 13, 19, 20, 25, 26, 44 of this table
89.	Refrigeration machine room	4	—	3	G	3
90.	Electrical control room	15	—	1
SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATIONS (SES)
Radiology group
91.	Laboratory room	18	3	5	G	not allowed
92.	Bacteriological group Accommodation for doctors and laboratory technicians, study rooms	18	—	1,5	H	»
93.	Room for serological studies, culture, rooms for express diagnostics	18	5	6	G	»
94.	Boxes	18	6	5	H	»
95.	Preboxes	18	—	10	G	»
96.	Entomology premises for helminthological research, environmental	18	5	6	G	»
97.	Washing
a) without washing machine	18	5	6	G	»
b) with a washing machine	18	3	5	G	»
98.	Sterilization autoclaves	18	—	3	G	not allowed
99.	Thermal rooms	As required by technology Internal air temperature is provided by technological equipment
100.	Rooms for registration, sorting and delivery of test results	18	—	3	G	»
Virology Department and Laboratory of the Department of Particularly Dangerous Infections
101.	Facilities for identification of respiratory and enteric viruses, for tissue culture preparation
a) working rooms of doctors and laboratory assistants	18	5	6	G	»
b) boxes	18	5	6	G	»
c) preboxes	18	6	5	H	»
d) boxes	18	6	5	H	»
e) preboxes for preparing tissue culture	18	—	10	G	»
102.	Arbovirus identification room:
a) working rooms of doctors and laboratory assistants	18	5	6	G	not allowed
b) boxes	18	5	6	G	»
c) preboxes	18	—	10	G	»
103.	Rooms for conducting bacteriological research, rooms for processing traps and preparing baits, dissection rooms	18	3	6	G	»
104.	Rooms for rodent infestation (bioassay)	18	8	10	G	»
105.	Corridors	18	According to the department's balance		H	»
Dairy kitchens
106.	Brewhouse	5	By calculation		G	»
107.	Puree making shop	16	3	H	»
108.	Packing milk and juices	16	2	3	G	»
109.	Sterilization of finished products
a) “clean zone”	16	6	—	H	not allowed
b) “dirty zone”	16	—	4	G	»
110.	Washing flask	20	4	6	G	»
111.	Taking milk	16	—	1	G	»
112.	Preparation of biolact	16	12	12	H	»
113.	Milk filtration and bottling room	16	19	19	H	»
114.	Room for heat treatment of milk and preparation of milk mixtures	16	3	4	G	»
115.	Cooling room	16	3	4	G	»
116.	Premises for the preparation of lactic acid products and lactic acid mixtures:
a) room for preparing sourdough starters	16	3	4	H	»
b) kefir workshop	16	20	20	H	»
c) acidophilus milk workshop	16	20	20	H	»
d) thermostatic	16	12	12	H	»
117.	Premises for preparing and packaging cottage cheese	16	3	4	G	»
118.	Premises for the preparation of fruits, fruits, vegetables	16	3	4	G	»
119.	Premises for preparing fruit and vegetable mixtures	16	12	12	H	»
120.	Room for preparing fish, meat, preparing fish and meat dishes	16	3	4	G	»
121.	Laboratory	18	2	3	G	»
122.	Reception room for containers for finished products	16	4	6	G	»
123.	Raw materials reception room	16	3	—	G	»
124.	Washing and sterilization room	20	4 inflow into the “clean” zone	6 hood - through the “dirty” zone	G	»
125.	Kitchenware washing station	20	4	6	G	»
126.	Washing room:
a) milk pipelines	20	4	6	G	»
b) inventory	20	4	6
127.	Expedition, loading	16	3	—	H	»
128.	Refrigeration machine room	16	—	3	G	»
129.	Temporary storage room	12	—	1	G	»
milk	periodic ventilation
130.	Dry food pantry	12	—	2	H	»
131.	Pantry of vegetables and fruits	4	4 (per day)	4 (per day)	G	»
132.	Storage and reception room for containers	12	4	6	G	1
133.	Storage room for household equipment	12	2	2	G	»
134.	Linen room	16	2	1	G	»
135.	Material Pantry	12	—	1	G	»
136.	Refrigerated food waste chamber with vestibule	2	—	10	G	not allowed
137.	Service and household premises	according to section I of this table
Donor point
138.	Breast milk expressing room	22	—	2	H	»
139.	Sterilization room	18	—	3	H	»
140.	Filtration and bottling of milk	16	19	19	H	»
141.	Heat treatment	16	3	4	G	»
142.	Cooling room	16	3	4	H	»
Milk distribution points
143.	Handout	16	2	2	H	1
144.	Refrigeration chamber (for finished products)	2	Periodic ventilation
145.	Room for receiving and storing dishes from the public	12	—	1	G	1
146.	Cash register	18	—	1	H	»
147.	Storage room for disinfectant solutions and cleaning equipment	16	—	5	G	3
Sauna
148.	Expected	18	—	3	H
149.	Corridor	18	—	2	H
150.	Locker room	22	—	3	H
151.	Shower room	22	—	8	G
152.	Steam room10)	100/80 (85/80)	—	5	G
153.	Cooling room inside the sauna	1	—	4	G
154.	Restroom	26	—	3	H
155.	Massage room	25	—	4	G
156.	Solarium	23	—	3	H
157.	Restroom	22	—	50 m3 for 1 toilet	G

Source: Manual on the design of healthcare facilities (to SNiP 2.08.02-89)

Air exchange rate in preschool premises

Premises	t° (C) - not lower	Air exchange rate per hour
		In IA, B, D climatic regions		In other climatic regions
		influx	hood	influx	hood
Reception rooms, play nursery group cells	22-24	2,5	1,5	—	1,5
Reception, gaming junior, middle, senior group cells	21-23	2,5	1,5	—	1,5
Bedrooms of all group cells	19-20	2,5	1,5	—	1,5
Nursery toilets	22-24	—	1,5	—	1,5
Toilet facilities for preschool groups	19-20	2,5	1,5	—	1,5
Medical premises	22-24	2,5	1,5	—	1,5
Halls for music. and gymnastics classes	19-20	2,5	1,5	—	1,5
Walking verandas	at least 12	according to calculation, but not less than 20 m3 per 1 child
Hall with swimming pool bath	at least 29
Changing room with shower pool	25-26
Heated passages	at least 15

Source: Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13. Appendix 3

Fan selection

The fan must meet a number of requirements:

Safety. The device will be connected to electricity and installed in a damp room, so moisture protection must be provided, and the fan must also be resistant to steam.
Low noise level. This parameter should not exceed 35 dB during device operation. Otherwise, the constant hum will irritate residents, and in some cases, neighbors. You will have to spend money on sound insulation.
Fan capacity. It should be enough to change the air in the room 5–8 times per hour.

USEFUL INFORMATION: Installing forced ventilation in the bathroom: if it blows, if it doesn’t work, how to improve