Cooper Teplodar boiler service specialists answer

Why is a solid fuel boiler an economical solution?

The choice of device is primarily correct for residents of dachas and cottages not connected to centralized heating.
Even if such a connection is present, this unit will help to significantly save on gas bills; solid fuel is widely available and has a low price. On the modern market you can find suitable equipment for planning a house of any complexity, even with a fairly large area. Having studied the above recommendations on how to use and maintain the boiler, these actions will take a minimum of time.

Choosing fuel for a solid fuel boiler

Many users of solid fuel boilers are very careful when choosing fuel. This is not at all surprising, since the quality operation of the unit depends on this product. Moreover, it needs to be purchased in large quantities, not only because of the cold climate, but also because the long-burning device requires refilling with large quantities of raw materials.

The following types of gas stations are considered the most popular today:

Not knowing what is the best way to heat a solid fuel boiler, you should pay attention to briquettes and pellets, which are easy to use and have a long burning time. But when using them, there is also a significant disadvantage - the high price, which is derived from the difficulty of manufacturing these products

But heating with coal is beneficial from all sides - its combustible effect is quite long, and during combustion it does not emit any harmful substances. The low price of the material is no less pleasing.

Rice. 3 Cleaning a solid fuel boiler

The method of loading firewood as an attachment to this product is extremely popular for the reason that after the firewood is burned, black fuel continues to act for a long time, increasing the time before a new refueling is required. Although none of the heating methods can be called correct, each user chooses the option that suits them.

Recommendations for the selection of firewood and its preparation

When selecting firewood for yourself, you need to expect that it will take some time to dry it. High humidity of fuel wood has an extremely negative effect on the operation of the heating device, and the consumption of firewood in a solid fuel boiler significantly increases.

During the combustion process, moisture accumulates on the walls of the combustion chamber, where, together with carbon monoxide, it forms tar in large quantities. After working on wet wood for just a little while, your boiler and hood will look like a pitiful sight. It will take a lot of effort to clean the combustion chamber and chimney from sticky tar. Wood heating boilers require regular cleaning. The performance of boiler equipment depends on this.

There is only one but! If this is legal firewood, then it is very expensive. In general, using oak wood for heating is a luxury. Oak is ideal as fuel for bakers.

The birch wood boiler is highly efficient. Birch burns long and brightly, releasing a large amount of thermal energy. The only drawback of birch is the large amount of resin compounds that are released during the combustion process. For residents of the middle zone, alder becomes a frequent guest in the boiler room. This tree not only burns well, but also emits a huge amount of antiseptic components.

The lowest-grade type of firewood is pine firewood. Due to the high resin content, pine logs burn intensely and emit a lot of heat. The only disadvantage of this fuel is the high speed at which pine logs turn into ash. When heating your home with pine and spruce fuel, you will certainly encounter excessive fuel consumption.

Features of working with a wood-burning boiler

Unlike devices running on liquid fuel or gas, wood-burning boilers do not release heat into the room evenly, this is due to the peculiarity of the combustion process. In the middle of the process, significantly more heat is released than at the beginning and end. The dampers on the vent and on the chimney help more or less equalize the amount of heat produced.

The question of how to properly heat a boiler with wood, at first glance, looks simple and a little ridiculous: why is it complicated - put wood in your firebox, that’s the whole science. But this is only at first glance. Solid fuel boilers designed to burn wood are one of the most difficult heating devices to operate.

The efficiency of a wood-burning boiler depends not only on its design. The amount of heat produced by the boiler and the efficiency of fuel consumption are influenced by the quality of the firewood (whether it is dry or wet), the type of wood from which the firewood is made, and the owner’s ability to effectively use the boiler control system (valves, dampers, dampers).

Solid fuel boiler designed for firewood and fuel briquettes

And only last but not least, the efficiency of the heating device is influenced by the technological features that the designers incorporated into their brainchild.

But writing instructions on the topic “How to properly heat a boiler with wood” is a waste of time. How to read it later. Why? Yes, because today there are many models and varieties of solid fuel wood boilers on the market: not only their design, but their operating principle is different. The operation of a traditional combustion boiler differs from a pyrolysis or long-burning boiler.

Making a boiler

Therefore, carefully read the instructions from the manufacturer of the equipment you have chosen: it describes in detail how to heat your particular boiler, how to regulate the combustion intensity and other important points. I want to touch on general significant issues related to the combustion of a traditional solid fuel wood boiler.

Operating principle of a coal boiler

To figure out how to properly heat a boiler, you first need to consider its structure and understand the principles by which such equipment operates. The structure of any coal boiler includes two main compartments. The upper compartment is the firebox, in which the process of converting solid fuel into thermal energy occurs. The lower compartment is designed to collect ash and slag that remains after coal combustion. The compartments are separated by a grid made of high-strength cast iron.

Quite complex automation can be built into the boiler design, which makes it possible to configure the operation of the system so that the draft is regulated independently, without the need for constant intervention. In the absence of automation, the boiler operates due to natural circulation. The first category of devices is much more convenient, but they also cost an order of magnitude more than simple boilers.

Automation works on very simple principles. To ensure the combustion process, the boiler needs oxygen, which, if automatic, is supplied by a fan. An increase in the amount of oxygen in the firebox accelerates the combustion process, and a decrease in the intensity of the air supply leads to the opposite effect - the fuel burns more slowly and releases less heat.

Adjusting the temperature of a solid fuel boiler

The efficiency of a heating system depends on a uniform temperature supply. And if in gas and liquid fuel boilers this issue is resolved by continuous fuel supply, then in solid fuel boilers there is no such possibility. And the solid fuel itself, when burned, releases its temperature unevenly: at the beginning and end of combustion, the portions of firewood are smaller, in the middle of the process – more.

A system for regulating the intensity of fuel combustion, that is, the supply of air necessary for combustion, helps to partially solve this problem.

Thermostatic draft regulator

The boiler doors have seals, so air enters under the grates through the lower damper. The opening amount of this blower flap is controlled by a thermostatic draft regulator.

Thermostatic draft regulator. Photo from cotlix.com

The required temperature is set on it, and the regulator itself is mechanically (by a chain) connected to the blower door. If the temperature is insufficient, the regulator slightly opens the blower door; if it is too high, it closes it.

You need to understand that a solid fuel boiler is a very inert device, and the draft regulator controls the combustion process with a large error. Therefore, the entire heating system must be designed taking this feature into account.

Fan and controller

A smoother adjustment of the combustion process is possible using a fan that pumps a specified amount of air into the firebox. The number of revolutions of the device blades is regulated by a controller that takes into account the readings of the temperature sensor and the value of the temperature set by the user.

Shiber

A damper is a damper on a chimney, otherwise called a throttle. The damper is installed after the boiler and blocks the chimney channel. Whether it needs to be installed or not depends on the equipment model. Some types of boilers are equipped with a damper as standard; in other cases, manufacturers may recommend installing an additional damper in the chimney.

The damper allows you to increase the efficiency of the heating device by partially blocking the chimney and reducing the rate of removal of heated combustion products. How much to open or close the damper can only be determined experimentally, because it depends on the outside air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and strength.

Properly selected heating equipment, and most importantly, its effective use, will bring warmth into the house, and the owners will only need to supplement it with home comfort.

How to light a boiler

The most difficult thing in cycling is not to ride, but to start and finish the movement. It’s the same in the operation of a boiler - the most difficult thing is to light it. Do not expect that lighting the boiler will take you little time: you will have to allocate about an hour for this procedure.

Firing a wood-burning boiler is a responsible task

The beginning of the firebox is removing the ash and preparing the boiler for operation. After the ash pan and combustion chamber are cleaned, you can proceed to kindling.

Warming up the boiler firebox and chimney

For your own comfort and proper startup of the boiler, you need to warm up its firebox and chimney. If the heating device is not equipped with a forced smoke removal system, in order for the fuel to start burning, it is necessary to create draft. The formation of thrust is based on Archimedes' law: heated gases become lighter and tend to “float”. For their movement and removal, heating devices that burn fuel are equipped with a chimney.

Boiler diagram.

The design of the boiler is such that the path for smoke is difficult: in its path there is a heat exchanger and a complex convective surface, which reduces the speed of movement of combustion products. And the chimney pipe is usually located horizontally, which also makes it difficult for smoke to move. Therefore, if the boiler is not heated up, combustion products look for the easiest way. And most often the smoke begins to seep into the room.

In some cases, the vertical part of the chimney is equipped with a firebox (a small firebox used to warm up the chimney) with a door, by opening which you can burn a small amount of flammable fuel (for example, paper) directly in the chimney itself. When used, the heating element warms up the inside of the chimney duct.

If this possibility is not provided, then kindling is placed in the firebox - crumpled paper, birch bark - something highly flammable. On top of the kindling are chips and splinters, then logs of small thickness. The combustion chamber must be filled with firewood to no more than half the calculated volume.

At the moment of kindling, you need to open the chimney damper and the blower valve, ensuring the flow of air for combustion.

There is advice before starting the fire to open the window in the boiler room, if there is one: do not forget that the physical and chemical process of combustion requires oxygen.

How to properly heat a boiler with wood

To burn a kilogram of wood, about 5 cubic meters of air are required. If the air flow into the boiler furnace is from the boiler room, then it is necessary to arrange supply ventilation - especially if the boiler room does not have windows or they are sealed (with double-glazed windows). After laying the logs, the kindling is ignited. When a stable combustion appears, the firebox door must be closed and the filling should be allowed to burn out.

Output to design power

As soon as the combustion chamber and chimney have warmed up sufficiently, you can proceed to the main stage of boiler operation. To do this, repeat the kindling process using well-burning materials. Now the main load of firewood is already complete, in order to fill the combustion chamber, according to the instructions for the device.

After the fuel has ignited, the boiler will reach its design capacity after some time. Now the combustion process will occur independently for some time. How long depends on the volume of the combustion chamber and the operating principle of the boiler. After the stack of firewood burns out, you will need to make a new one.

A properly functioning boiler is a source of heat and comfort in a country house

Important! When lighting, do not use lighter fluid or flammable gasoline, diesel fuel, etc.

Conclusions: how to properly heat with wood

1. Stack firewood carefully so that it burns evenly and for a long time.
2. Close the air valve in a timely manner. The minimum amount of air required for combustion must reach the firewood.
3. Dense wood burns longer and leaves more long-smoldering embers. It is best to burn with wood from hard deciduous wood: maple, walnut, birch, cherry, larch, beech, oak, sycamore, pear, apple tree
4. Bring the firewood into the house 2-3 days before lighting it and place it in the firebox an hour before lighting it.
5. Preheat the firebox with a small amount of splinters.
6. If you have a fireplace or stove, use bottom combustion.
7. Maintain optimal combustion conditions. If the wood burns too hot, some of the heat escapes into the chimney rather than remaining in the room.
8. Change the volume of firewood depending on the outside temperature.
9. Remove soot in a timely manner. Soot is a thermal insulator and reduces the heat transfer of the heating device and heat exchanger.
10. Firewood should be as dry as possible.

Add your own ideas to the comments.

The heating device is the warmth in the house

Many settlements today have not yet been gasified. Therefore, residents of such villages have to look for an alternative to gas equipment. The best solution in this case is to heat a country or private house with a solid fuel boiler.

It is becoming increasingly popular not only due to its ability to work on wood or coal, but also due to its complete autonomy.

After all, a solid fuel boiler does not require either gas or electricity. It can only operate on wood, while maintaining a comfortable room temperature. However, such devices are available in various modifications, and in order to make the right choice, you need to at least briefly get to know each of them.

Hardwood firewood for heating the stove

Deciduous trees are considered one of the best for use as firewood, but each tree of this type has its own thermal characteristics.

• Oak firewood. They have a solid structure, a long burning period, and excellent heat transfer. We can say that oak, due to its properties, is one of the most suitable for preparing firewood. Despite the fact that oak is quite expensive to purchase, it is economical and consumes more slowly than other firewood. The price is quite consistent with the thermal characteristics.
• Middle-aged oak trees are excellent for stoves; it is this wood that has optimal properties. Young oak trees have a small amount of heat, and they also fill the air with the smell of coal. If you burn with old oak, the amount of ash will increase significantly and the air will be heavy from it.

• During combustion, oak wood emits hot fire and tart forest smoke. When the fireplace is heated with oak logs, a healing atmosphere is created in the room. The healing qualities of oak logs have already been proven. Original Italian pizza is prepared only on oak wood. Moreover, in Italy it is difficult to find oak logs; they are “worth their weight in gold” there.
• Birch logs. They have special valuable qualities that people have known about since ancient times. Birch firewood is especially suitable for heating sauna stoves. With the help of birch heat, you can disinfect rooms; a wonderful aroma emanates from birch. Such firewood burns for a long time and produces a high, even flame; the fire does not spark. If you take a steam bath heated with birch firewood, colds and many chronic respiratory diseases will go away. However, here we must take into account such a property of birch as the loss of its valuable medicinal qualities just a couple of years after the birch is cut down for firewood. The fact is that birch logs become outdated quite quickly. When the log becomes rotten, such a hot fire will no longer be possible. Birch bark and the wood itself contain a lot of tar. It is a carbon compound due to which birch quickly ignites and burns intensely. This property is used to make splinters for lighting “heavy” wood. Birch has a heat transfer coefficient that is about a quarter higher than that of aspen or pine. However, the fact that birch leaves a lot of soot hinders the constant use of birch logs. Chimneys will have to be cleaned much more often.

• Alder logs. The structure of alder wood is very beautiful in color. It can be ocher, orange, bluish or even bright red. There are more than 25 species of alder, and each has its own shade of color. Alder logs can be stored for a long time, that is, they can be stored for future use for several years to come. For harvesting, as a rule, they choose places in forest areas where humidity is low, away from rivers or lakes, which is where the wood is more suitable for kindling. Alder also has a fragrant smoke that can be heard for about three years after the tree is harvested. Alder retains all other properties much longer. When burning, the heat transfer is very high, the logs almost do not smoke. In the old days, alder was used to heat a black bathhouse. On a note. When burning alder logs, the chimney ducts of the stove are cleared of soot. It is good to use alder firewood for a smokehouse; you get very tasty smoked meats. Therefore, when preparing firewood, there is no need to throw away sawdust; they will come in handy. Alder should be harvested in winter, since it is impossible to get close to it in summer - it loves swampy places.
• Linden logs. They are valued for their intense combustion and quick heating of the stove. However, it is difficult to light a linden tree; many people know this feature. Linden has the same healing properties as birch; they are successfully used to kindle baths. Once upon a time, several grams of honey were added to linden firewood and this was how they treated lung diseases and old wounds that did not heal for a long time. Linden has strong healing properties, but they last no more than two years after cutting. And this is considered the only drawback of linden logs.

Bird cherry or rowan logs like poplar and willow are classified as small-leaved species. This is low quality firewood that produces little heat. Is it possible to heat a stove with bird cherry? Yes, only if you got it for free. Paying for low-grade wood—even very low prices—is overpaying. Such firewood will burn quickly, and you will have to add such logs to the firebox much more often. But there is no harm from such wood either. That is, the only drawback is that a large amount of firewood is required.

Design and principle of operation of the boiler

It was already said earlier that boilers of this type have chambers. The firebox is divided into a gasification chamber into which fuel is loaded and directly into the combustion chamber.

The diagram below shows the internal structure of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler

Fuel is loaded into the first chamber, where the air flow is limited. The boiler starts and operates normally. During slow combustion, the fuel begins to pyrolyze, wood gas is released, which enters the second part of the firebox, the combustion chamber. From this moment the solid fuel boiler enters operating mode. Now processes begin that fundamentally distinguish the pyrolysis type of combustion, long-burning solid fuel heating boilers from the direct combustion process and from traditional boilers.

In the first chamber, heat loss is minimized. Typically, in models of long-burning solid fuel boilers, the space between the first and second chambers is filled with grates on which fuel is placed.

The second part of the firebox is the combustion chamber, where combustible wood gas enters. The chamber is filled with secondary, heated air. The principle of double blowing is already in effect here.

After the boiler reaches normal operating mode, air access to the first chamber is significantly limited. The combustion process practically stops, turning into a state of smoldering. The fuel burns out gradually. Each previous layer of fuel gradually involves the subsequent layer in the smoldering process. Slow smoldering is accompanied by the constant release of wood gas. Due to this process, solid fuel pyrolysis boilers are also commonly called long-burning boilers.

In the second, main combustion chamber, only wood gas burns, which, when in contact with secondary air (heated to 3000 C), produces a huge amount of thermal energy. Only now does thermal energy come into play, heating the coolant circulating in the heat exchanger. That is, in the design of solid fuel boilers of the pyrolysis type, heating of the coolant is carried out not through the direct combustion of solid fuel, but through the combustion of a secondary combustion product - pyrolysis gas, a flammable gaseous substance. This is the main difference between boilers of this type and solid fuel boilers of other types.

What is meant by pyrolysis?

Pyrolysis - the generation of flammable gas and its subsequent combustion - occurs in all solid fuel boilers, to a greater or lesser extent. The same process occurs in a conventional stove - when burning wood or coal, there is not enough oxygen in some place, carbon monoxide CO appears, then it finds the missing oxygen and burns, releasing heat, turning from poison into ordinary carbon dioxide - CO2 .

As experiments back in the 1950s, a boiler equipment scheme was developed, where first the fuel smoldered with a lack of oxygen, then the resulting CO was burned in a secondary chamber. But the ideas were not implemented, as they did not provide any advantages with significant disadvantages and were expensive.

Now, in advertisements, poisonous carbon monoxide CO is called “wood gas.”

Boiler lighting materials

Solid fuel boilers have a number of advantages compared to other types of heating equipment. To heat a house, you can use not only wood, but also other solid fuels, namely:

• pellets;
• peat briquettes;
• sawdust briquettes;
• coke;
• brown coal;
• anthracite.

But still, wood is the most common option, so most often owners are looking for answers on how to properly heat a boiler with wood. When choosing fuel, you should consider its calorie content. The higher it is, the more thermal energy is released during combustion.

Materials for lighting a long-burning boiler

There are a number of requirements for the quality of firewood that will be used to heat the house. First of all, they must be dry. This not only achieves maximum boiler power, but also extends its service life. If you heat with raw wood, it will burn with much less heat energy released, so the house heats up more slowly and cools down faster.

Note!
If wood is used to heat your home, you should learn how to use boilers correctly. To ensure maximum performance of the heating equipment and achieve minimal smoke emissions, large firewood should be placed at the edges and small ones in the center.

Coal

Among various types of solid fuel, coal has the greatest heat transfer, which makes it one of the most efficient energy carriers in heating boilers. The amount of heat released during the combustion of coal is twice as high as that for wood and is about 7.5 kWh/kg.

Thus, to maintain a certain temperature of the coolant in the circuit, coal will require significantly less than other types of solid fuel.

The most efficient in terms of heat production is anthracite. It contains a minimum of moisture and impurities. However, it is very expensive and burns quickly, giving a very high temperature, which is simply not needed in heating boilers.

The advantages of coal are due to its physical and chemical properties:

1. High calorific value. The main plus. With proper boiler design, a bucket of coal may well last for a day. The volume of fuel reserves purchased for the heating season is smaller, this is especially beneficial for small or densely built-up areas.
2. Coal is not afraid of moisture. Although coal pits and sheds are built for storing coal, the inside of them does not need to be as dry as possible. When wet, coal retains its properties when it dries, since moisture does not penetrate inside.
3. When burned, coal produces a very high temperature, which wood and its derivatives cannot produce. This allows the coolant in the circuit to be heated more efficiently with less fuel.

Unfortunately, coal is quite expensive. Even taking into account the fact that it produces more heat, there may not be any economic benefit from its use. Another thing is the location near famous coal basins. In these regions, coal is always cheaper and much easier to buy. In places of deposits, coal almost completely replaces firewood from use.

Fire safety! When dumping coal into large piles, there is a danger of spontaneous combustion. The fact is that a mineral extracted from the bowels of the earth oxidizes in the air, which leads to self-heating. When the critical point is reached, the coal ignites inside the heap - slow burning occurs.

To prevent self-ignition, coal is stored on a non-combustible substrate and poured in layers

You should also be careful when firing a boiler with coking coal, which is sometimes purchased by owners of plots located near enrichment plants. If used incorrectly, coke can produce such a high temperature that a steel and even cast iron furnace burns through, rendering the boiler inoperable.

How to properly heat a solid fuel boiler

The process of operating the device consists of the following stages:

1. Pre-ignition. On the grate you need to make a small fire from paper and wood chips. You can use other materials: branches, birch bark, sawdust. Place large logs on top and set fire. To ensure air circulation, do not place the components of the fire too tightly together.
2. Primary bookmark. It is made on the coals of a fire, in a small portion, about 1-2 handfuls from both hands. The smaller the fuel fraction, the faster the combustion will occur. Then you need to periodically stir the pieces of coal for high-quality ignition.
3. When the first batch of fuel flares up, you can add the next one. Now you can take larger pieces.

Next, you need to monitor the boiler and add fuel as necessary. According to the instructions, it is clear that in addition to coal, other materials are involved in the process of igniting the unit. Therefore, owners need to stock up on firewood and wood chips based on seasonal needs. It is better to store them under a canopy or in another room to keep them dry.

Principles of firing a brick and iron stove

Many people think that heating a stove is not such a difficult task. Heaped up some wood, set it on fire and waited until the house became warm. In fact, in order to heat the stove correctly, you need to know some features. Otherwise, you can burn a lot of wood, and the house will be cold.

Before putting firewood into the firebox, it is necessary to clean the ash chamber and grate from the remnants of previously burnt fuel. This will ensure a direct flow of air through the blower to the flame. To light the stove, it is recommended to use only dry wood. Wet or damp logs cannot be used, as this will lead to smoke and large deposits of soot in the chimney.

If you add coal, you need to select medium size. Small and too large fractions are not suitable for home ovens.

At the beginning of the heating season, the firebox needs to be thoroughly cleaned.

Place logs in the firebox. This can be done in two ways:

• hut (under a cone) if the firebox is large;
• parallel (with gaps of 8–10 cm).

Firewood should make up approximately two-thirds of the volume of the combustion chamber. There should be a free space of 15–20 cm to the top. It is better to place firewood directly in the center of the firebox or closer to the stove door, but not closer to the back wall.

Move the view to the required level. Open the ash door slightly. Using matches or thin wood chips, we set fire to a piece of birch bark or paper placed in front of the firewood.

As soon as the flame begins to engulf the wood, close the doors of both the firebox and the vent. When they begin to burn evenly, lightly cover the view.

The view allows you to regulate the combustion process

We control the fire using a view and a blower, which provide air access to the fire. Keep the combustion chamber door closed. We open it only if we need to stir the coals with a poker or add firewood.

If the stove is constantly fired with coal, when setting it up, you first need to burn a small portion of firewood and after that add a 5-6 cm layer of coal. After it flares up, add fuel up to 15 cm, then the stove will burn well and warm up evenly.

How to determine if wood is burning correctly:

1. If the flame is white and noise is heard in the exhaust channels, it is necessary to close the ash door. This is an indicator of strong traction.
2. If the flame has acquired a red tint and black smoke is coming out of the chimney, the draft is too low. We open the vent.
3. A yellow flame means optimal combustion.

For greater efficiency, do not stir the wood until it is half burned. Only after this can they be moved with a poker. Collect burnt coals in the center of the firebox, surrounding them with burning wood and coals. In this case, it is best to close the blower door or view.

It is not recommended to constantly stir firewood

If the flame in the firebox goes out, this means that carbon monoxide has formed inside. Most likely, the firewood was wet or damp during storage. Of course, it's best not to use them. But if there are no other options, then close the firebox door and completely open the view and valve. Light the fire again and wait 10-15 minutes. During this time, carbon monoxide will disappear. Now open the door and dampers a little, and you can continue heating.

It will take 1.5–2 hours to heat the stove well. In this case, the surface heats up to 70–80°C, less often - up to 90°C. At higher temperatures, dust burns on the stove and an unpleasant odor appears. Due to overheating, cracks may form in the masonry and the device will quickly fail.

After the firewood and coal have completely burned out, the view is closed. This is necessary to maintain heat in the house until the next fire.

The process must be completed by following certain rules:

1. When the wood burns out, gradually close the vent and the valve.
2. After only coals remain in the firebox, you need to collect them in a heap on the grate and cover the ash pan with the view about 2/3 or 3/4.
3. Only after the blue lights have completely disappeared (the process of carbon monoxide combustion), the coals can be scattered throughout the firebox and the view and door can be tightly closed.
4. If for some reason it is necessary to stop the combustion process of the stove if there are unburned firebrands, you need to remove them and extinguish them yourself. It makes no sense to fill them with water. This can lead to smoke and unnecessary dampness in the combustion chamber.

In winter, it is better to heat the stove twice a day. Then the house will not cool down. The exception is the Russian stove. It can be heated only once a day, since heat transfer occurs much later.

Cooper Teplodar boiler service specialists answer

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• Solid fuel boiler Cooper OK-15 Teplodar
• Cooper OK-15 Teplodar - Operation
• Heating boiler Teplodar Cooper OK-20
• Teplodar Cooper OK-20 – Design and installation
• Characteristics of the boiler Teplodar Cooper OK-30
• Cooper OK-30 - Operation and Maintenance

Question: the situation is this: In a country house, after a summer of inactivity of the Cooper OK-20 APG25 boiler, the heating was turned on. The problem is this: we buy pellets (gray) from a trusted supplier, the ash content was not high, I cleaned them every three days. Now the situation is like this, the pellets are the same but the ash content is crazy, a full tray of Cox is already in 24 hours. Tell me how to fix the situation? The fan in support mode runs at 55%. Answer: I assume this option: the actual supply of pellets by weight does not correspond to the calculated one with the current set parameters, this is due to the fact that the pellets are fragile and at the exit from the unloading pipe they are (0.5-1) cm long pieces of pellets with a large amount of dust at the bottom bunker and in the lower part in front of the unloading pipe.

I suggest disconnecting the unloading pipe and removing the bottom layer of pellet dust; when filling a new batch of pellets, filter the dust from the bottom of the bag; it is also possible to deviate from the recommendations for feeding pellets and set tpn-10-11 sec wn-90 to visually assess the flame flow. also if you adjust the position of the unloading pipe to a level of 10 -15 degrees. from the floor to the boiler for this type of pellets the supply will become more uniform. Question: I bought a Cooper ca 20 brand boiler for a country house, when loading the sellers, to lighten the boiler, they removed everything possible from it, in order to reduce the weight of the boiler, I assembled it at home, everything is correct, but tell me how the removable canopy should be installed in the firebox? For some reason, it is narrower in size than the distance between the guides welded to the walls of the firebox; it turns out that it can only be inserted into one groove of the guide! and so it turns out there is a gap of 5 cm, maybe this is how it should be? Or did they give me a visor from the wrong boiler? Answer: The size of the removable visor is 236x236 mm. Yours most likely came from another device. Question: how to fix the included valve in the boiler? it constantly falls out, even if you weld it. Are there probably any materials for this, sealants? Answer: How does your gate pipe fit, horizontally or vertically? If it’s horizontal, I sealed the seams with heat-resistant sealant, but I burn with pellets. Before applying the sealant, I checked the temperature of the damper with a pyrometer while the boiler was running; the temperature was measured. Question: What additional equipment is needed to maintain a constant room temperature when using the electric power option for a kupper oven? Answer: You need any switching equipment operating on thermostatic or electronic temperature control. It must be selected based on the power of the heating elements. Question: Boiler Cooper 15, country house area 87 sq.m. (in principle, even 1.5 times more than necessary). In defense of the manufacturer’s employees, I can note that the boiler can reach a temperature of 80 and 95 degrees; sometimes, on the contrary, I stood and was afraid that now the needle would cross the red line... But in most cases, the temperature of 60-65 really does not exceed (I heat it with Don coal), although the frosts are not severe.

Therefore, I want to ask if there are any mechanics for controlling the device: for example, how many liters of water should optimally move through the system, at what speed - the throughput is liters per hour or min... (if I have a three-speed circulation pump), should the position of the gate change? depending on temperature. It’s just that this is simply the first time I’ve encountered boilers, so I have to learn everything at random. Answer: First, I recommend installing a combustion regulator. The volume of coolant depends on your heating system. The pump is selected depending on the volume of the system (ideally, it should drive the system three times within an hour). The damper can be used to regulate the thrust force in the ignition mode (maximum opening) and in the combustion maintenance mode (medium or almost complete closing). The position of the damper depends on many factors - draft force, height and cleanliness of the chimney, desired fuel combustion mode, etc. Question: tell me to what temperature the outer parts (side and rear wall) of the Cooper HOVK 18 and the bottom are heated. Answer: The side walls of the boiler heat up no higher than 45 degrees. The rear wall is the same - no higher than 45 degrees, the temperature of the bottom of the boiler depends on the presence of ash in the ash drawer, the type and type of fuel used and can be over 100 degrees. Question: I was connected to the boiler diagonally, but when I started looking at the instructions myself, I saw that this cannot be done, do I need to re-wire it and what are the consequences of such an incorrect connection? Answer: such a connection is not recommended, but is allowed. Threatens a slight decrease in boiler efficiency. Question: I have been heating a private house with a Kupper-15 boiler, 40 bimetal sections, for 10-12 days. I drown with scraps, old boards, etc. There is a thermostat. The inner surface and pipe heat exchangers are covered with a very difficult to remove resin, or something like that, even the visor will not fit.

I start the kindling with a portion of wood chips, and then add firewood; I turn on the circulation pump at approximately 40 degrees. When adding firewood, smoke and sometimes flames began to appear, the chimney made of sandwiches is 4 m, there is another pipe in stock. Explain how to properly light a boiler and how to clean it from tar, tar, etc. And just like attaching the EP panel for heating elements to the heating elements themselves, because There is no hole for the sleeve in the heating element block, and the wiring is very short. Answer: The boiler must be cleaned of tar and resins periodically, by burning with an open flame, followed by mechanical cleaning (with the gate and damper fully open). The second option is to use a special log (the so-called log for chemical cleaning of the combustion chamber). Tar and resins are formed from prolonged operation of the boiler in smoldering mode. You can connect (attach) the temperature sensor of the control panel (apparently the “ZOTA” remote control) directly on the supply pipe. Question: Please tell me what is the minimum and maximum fuel (coal) consumption, the Cooper boiler has OK 20. I haven’t read any replies everywhere! Answer: The actual consumption of fuel and coal, among other things, depends on many factors: grade, humidity, fraction, calorie content, draft level in the chimney, etc. You can roughly calculate - one load of good coal burns for 6-8 hours, and then take into account your combustion modes. One stack of up to 1.5 buckets of medium fraction coal. Question: There are two underfloor heating circuits of 12 m2 each (about 2*75 = 150 meters of metal-plastic pipe with a diameter of 16 mm). Both circuits are connected to Cooper OK-15. The problem is that the temperature on the boiler does not rise above 40 degrees. We have already burned a year's supply of firewood and are setting fire to the fire. There's no point. Tell me, what could it be? There shouldn’t be any heat loss, but it happens somewhere, since when the circulation pump is turned off, the water in the boiler heats up normally. But with the pump turned on, the boiler does not turn on. Answer: The solution to the problem is to install a capacitive hydraulic separator. Question: We installed the boiler, the specialists made the piping, the heating system is closed, the plate inside the firebox between the pipes is in place, small oak firewood, the firebox is completely clogged (we tried it in different ways). Question: as soon as we didn’t try to load the firebox, it’s enough to regulate the draft of firewood one hour and this is very good if for an hour or for 30-40 minutes.

If you cover the draft, the temperature of the carrier does not rise above 40-45 degrees, in a private house the firewood simply does not burn coldly, we increase the draft for 30 minutes and it is necessary to add firewood, the outlet pipe is already red, but only in this situation the temperature of the carrier rises to 70-75 degrees . This is not an isolated case, there is another client who has the same boiler, same square footage, same heating system, same situation! The wood burns for one hour. Please advise how to increase the burning time when the temperature of the medium is 70-80 degrees. Answer: the situation can be changed if you use a combination of wood and coal or install a pellet burner. But most likely this is a problem with the heating system, perhaps the selection of pipe diameters is not entirely correct. Question: Tell me what is the purpose of the plate that comes with the OK-15 boiler. What functions does it perform? How to install correctly? Without a plate, the boiler works; when used, the draft disappears and smoke enters the room. What could be the reason? Answer: The plate is a visor-chipper, used to form a two-way circulation of flame and heat. Installed between the second and third row of heat exchanger pipes. If you have smoke. then this is definitely a weak draft in the chimney. Check the draft and gate. Question: There is a Cooper Teplodar boiler in the cottage. Is it possible to install a thermostat on it? How does it work and what benefits does it give during use? Answer: An additional device - a draft (combustion) regulator - can be installed in the standard place provided for by the boiler design. The operating principle is based on the mechanical effect of the coolant temperature directly on the mechanism for moving the lever.

Simply put, this device opens or closes the damper on the bottom door of the boiler, changing the flow of air entering the boiler combustion chamber. Helps to increase fuel burning time and prevent the boiler from boiling. Question: Please tell me, is it possible to regulate the temperature of heating elements on Teplodar OVK 18? I heat the stove with wood. After they burn out and the temperature, for example, drops to 50 degrees, I turn on the heating elements at night. The temperature rises to 70 due to the heaters. Is it possible to keep the temperature at 50, for example?

And another question. I have a Leningrad heating system, forced. I installed a hydraulic separator because... the boiler has to heat an additional 200 liters. A country house accordingly takes longer to heat up, can I turn off the water separator, heat the house and then open the water separator, does this make sense and will there be any bad consequences for me? Answer: The temperature of the heating element can be adjusted using the control panel. It can be purchased at a retail chain; pay attention to the power of the remote control - it should be 6 kW. There are many options for such remote controls on sale.

After you have raised the temperature in the system using firewood and switch to heating elements, the capacitive hydraulic separator will not require shutdown. Because it stores up to 20 kW of additional thermal energy. And when the system is heated separately and then switched to a hydraulic separator, heat loss will occur. Question: At the moment, the Teplodar boiler is connected through a control panel, but since I normally do not have voltage, surges constantly occur and because of this, the relays in the control panel burn out (the second panel in a row) and the remote control does not work. It is possible to install another heating element with a thermostat, and what length and width is needed for the heating element. And during installation, do you need to drain the water from the heating system? Answer: maximum length of the heating element is 300mm, seat g 2″. During installation, it is necessary to drain the coolant from the boiler. Question: Cooper OK-16 boiler. The device itself is “Super” thanks to the Siberians. But the question is this. In mid-November, a pressure valve from the safety group tripped and doused the entire boiler. The system was refueled and after half a month they began to observe a very small puddle near the left front leg of the boiler. Carrier: “Warm Home”. A puddle is formed only when the boiler is on the spirals at a carrier temperature of 43-50 degrees. When burning wood, the carrier is 60-80 - everything is dry below. What could it be? Pressure 0.8-0.9 Answer: This may be internal condensation of the device. Question: Today I thought about purchasing a pellet burner.

In this regard, new questions arose: — Approximate average consumption of pallets? — Price with Cooper OK15 boiler? — Overall overall size of the assembly? Answer: pellet consumption depends on many factors. The approximate consumption is not a very precise figure, but you can focus on 1.1-1.4 kg/hour. I repeat this very approximately. The better the insulation of the house, the more efficient the heating system, the lower the consumption. Approximate price - needs to be clarified at the final point of sale. Dimensions (HxWxD) 920x740x520 mm, OK-15 422x340x500 mm.

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Solid fuel boilers of various types. How to heat them correctly?

While the theoretical part is a bit clear, in practice the situation looks different. There is no general template for how to heat a solid fuel boiler with wood. Each solid fuel heating device has its own specifics and nuances. This concerns not only fundamental differences in the operation of units, but also the smoother choice of fuel. We mainly deal with three types of wood-fired boiler equipment. These are the following types of solid fuel boilers:

• pyrolysis type units;
• long-burning wood-burning boilers;
• classic heating devices.

In addition to the difference in operating principle, many heating devices differ in the way they load fuel. There are models with manual loading of firewood, as well as products in which this process is semi-automated.

Let's consider the situation with firewood for each type of heating device.

Pyrolysis boilers. What is the situation with firewood for boilers of this type?

Ignition of a pyrolysis type boiler is based on the principle of operation of the unit. Accordingly, a scheme for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber emerges from here. This type of heating device has two compartments. One contains materials for kindling: paper, wood chips, brown coal. The firewood itself is already stacked in another compartment. Combustion of the main fuel load occurs at a temperature of 450C. To begin with, you can lay in an incomplete amount of firewood. After the flame burns, the remaining logs are laid.

After the fire has ignited in the kindling chamber, the main work of the heating device begins. The high efficiency of the unit depends on the condition of the chimney. For pyrolysis boilers, it is necessary to have a cleaned and heated chimney.

How does a long-burning heating device work with wood?

Among the range of heating equipment, long-burning boilers occupy a significant place. These are the most efficient and productive devices, specifically designed for heating residential buildings. The main feature of such equipment is their enormous operating time. A well-functioning unit is capable of operating for a long time in normal operating mode from one load of firewood. The intervals between downloads are up to 8-12 hours. With foreign models you can achieve even better results.

They are not particularly whimsical. They can be heated with ordinary wood, again dry. Paper and wood chips are used for kindling. Unlike other boilers, where combustion occurs from the bottom up, in these units everything happens the other way around. Fuel is added in even layers into the upper chamber. After the paper and small wood chips have ignited, we install a press equipped with an air distributor on the topmost layer of logs.

The press puts pressure on the wood, causing it to smolder slowly rather than burn with a bright flame. Due to this, a longer burning time for this type of equipment is achieved.

The sequence of kindling a conventional solid fuel unit is no different

Here, as is the case with newer, modern units, it is important to use dry firewood. Methods for laying firewood are determined by the size of the combustion chamber and the fuel combustion process itself.

An air-type wood-burning boiler is nothing special in terms of fuel loading.

Classic solid fuel boilers are of the least interest, since this type of heating equipment is unpopular today.

How to use solid fuel units correctly?

Operation of a coal boiler
The operating principle of a solid fuel boiler is known, and the issue of choosing the type of coal has been resolved. All that remains is to learn how to properly light the stove. There are several simple rules that everyone who chooses the described installations for organizing heating of a country house must learn.

Remember! First, the stove must be prepared for lighting, then fuel must be correctly loaded into it. During its combustion, the installation must be closely monitored, removing combustion products in a timely manner.

Let's look at all these points in more detail.

Preparing the stove for lighting

If the stove in a country house is used occasionally, before starting its operation, for safety reasons, it is necessary to exclude the presence of cracks inside the masonry.

Why are they dangerous? Through them, combustion products and carbon monoxide can enter the room, which must be removed outside using drafts. If such a defect is discovered, it must be eliminated before kindling by covering the cracks with a mixture of clay and sand. Otherwise, when heated, the cracks may increase in size even more. And this will lead to dangerous situations.

When inspecting the stove from the outside, we remove flammable objects away from it and clean it inside. We remove the ash and slag with a shovel, freeing the internal compartment. It is advisable to wipe the inner walls of the firebox with a dry cloth. If this is not done, then during kindling the dust will begin to burn, filling the room with an unpleasant odor.

The coal stove needs to be lit several times a day. The duration of one fire should not exceed two hours. For loading, it is better to use well-dried medium-fraction coal.

Note! Wet fuel produces steam when burned. It forms condensation, which settles inside the chimney. Mixing with soot, condensate forms coke, which gradually clogs the chimney passage, narrowing it. And this leads to problems with traction.

Do not use household waste or flammable liquids such as gasoline or kerosene to ignite coal. Do not leave the stove unattended while it is burning. This rule must be observed especially strictly if there are small children or animals in the house.

How to properly melt coal?

Laying a solid fuel boiler
The stove must be heated as follows:

• First, we place sheets of newspaper or any other dry paper on the bottom of the firebox. On top of it we place a layer of small wood chips. And on them we stack small firewood, for example, birch logs. To make them burn faster, they need to be folded in the form of a well or a small hut.
• Set fire to the paper. We close the oven door and open the ash pan. Using it, it is easy to control the intensity of fuel combustion. The stronger the air flow, the faster the stack of firewood burns out.
• After the firewood has completely burned out and only a pile of smoldering ash remains, you need to lay a 15-centimeter layer of fine coal directly on it.

Note! When opening the door to load fuel, be sure to close the vent.

• When the 15-centimeter layer of coal burns out well, we place larger coal directly on it and build a cushion 60 cm high. It is useful to stir the burnt fuel thoroughly beforehand, which will improve air circulation and prevent caking of the coal mass. Coal can be placed by opening the firebox door.

Note! Low-quality solid fuel tends to coke. Therefore, experienced stove makers advise laying a layer of coal with layers of firewood. Such a multi-layer cake will allow the unit to burn well and give off the maximum amount of heat.

• To properly light the stove, it is better to do this - open the ash pan and let the paper with the wood chips burn out using natural circulation. This will allow the chimney to warm up well. As the fuel burns, the draft will increase, so you then need to close the ash pan and turn on the fan.

Heating a house 100 m² - 49,500 rub.

Really, honestly, really

Heating a home Detailed estimate for installation of a heating system

House heating

Included by type of work

House heating

Where to install a long-burning pyrolysis boiler

As a rule, pyrolysis units are installed for heating large houses. They are located in a separate, specially adapted room, protected from fire. The boiler room is equipped with a supply ventilation system. The unit must be removed from the walls at a distance of at least 20 cm.

Gas boiler for heating a private house: types and features of various types (read more)

The standard weight value for homemade long-burning wood-burning boilers is 250 kg/m². Compliance with the condition allows the unit to be installed on a flat, stable surface without a foundation. The area of ​​the installation site is 15 cm beyond the projection of the unit body (30 cm in front of the combustion door).

Construction of a steel solid fuel boiler Buderus Logano.

The floor is covered with asbestos or basalt cardboard (thickness 4÷6 mm). A sheet of galvanized roofing iron (2 mm thick) is placed on top. Direct contact of the floor with the body is excluded by supporting structures - the legs of the boiler.

The surface of the chimney must be covered with thermal insulation. Insulation will prevent sudden temperature changes and the formation of condensation in the chimney. The thickness of the insulation layer depends on the temperature of the exhaust flue gases. It is advisable to use a sandwich pipe made of stainless steel that is resistant to aggressive environments. In the absence of natural draft, install a smoke exhauster.

Long-burning pyrolysis boilers are environmentally friendly and energy efficient due to the complete combustion of solid fuel.

The aesthetics of homemade production are inferior to the design of factory models, but the self-assembled unit meets the requirements of a specific heating system. Do not forget that making a long-burning boiler using ready-made drawings (video) with your own hands will reduce the cost of its installation by at least 2 times.