How to properly heat a Buleryan stove and what kind of wood to use?

Design and principle of operation of "Buleryan"

This heating unit was developed specifically for mobile teams of Canadian lumberjacks who roam from place to place during the season (winter). Therefore, from the very beginning, high demands were placed on safety and efficiency: the oven must heat the room in a matter of minutes. At the same time, there is no complicated setup or adjustment, the possibility of getting burned should be kept to a minimum, and carbon monoxide should not be allowed to enter the room. On top of that, it's light weight. Here is such a set. And it must be said that “Buler” (one of the names of this design) fully corresponds to them, for which Canadian heating engineers need to say a huge “thank you”.

The design of the Buleryan stove - many interesting and effective solutions

The furnace body has the shape of a cylinder in less powerful models and teardrop-shaped (in cross section) in units for large heated areas. Sinusoidally curved pipes are built into the housing. They are mostly located inside the body, protruding only 1/3 from it. This is done for optimal heat transfer: cold air is sucked into the lower pipes, moving through the pipes it heats up and comes out hot. In the active combustion phase, the output temperature may be 120°C or slightly higher. From 4 to 6 cubic meters are pumped per minute, so the room heats up really quickly.

The firebox is divided into 3 parts. The top and bottom are separated by ¼: at the bottom there are grates made of cast iron or a grate made of thick structural steel (at least 4 mm thick). The upper quarter of the firebox is separated by a steel sheet with holes that occupy about 7% of its area. This partition is installed horizontally and does not reach the door by about ¼ of the length. In this secondary chamber, partial combustion of the gases released during the combustion of wood occurs. The air for this process comes from the firebox through holes in the partition. Therefore, fuel combustion is incomplete (yet). But not the entire process takes place in the furnace; the remaining part of the gases burns out in the pipe.

Cold air is sucked into the pipes from below, which is heated as it moves through the pipe.

The door is wide-format, the fit is sealed, there is a pipe on it with a built-in rotary throttle, which plays the role of a blower. By adjusting its position, the intensity of combustion is changed. Some manufacturers provide this throttle with a scale marked in degrees.

But that's not all the features. The main one is that part of the combustion products of wood occurs in the chimney. From the top of the firebox, unburned gases exit into a horizontal section of the chimney, up to 1 meter long. This section is mandatory for the Buleryans; the combustion of gases slows down a little and they cool down a little. The chimney then turns upward. And here the original Bulerjans have an economizer - a device that completes the process of afterburning pyrolysis gases. With it, the efficiency of the stove is around 80%, and without it - about 60%, which is also not bad, but... In a section of the chimney pipe 15-30 cm long, secondary burnout of gases occurs. The combustion is not constant, but periodic: it flares up and then dies out.

Branded Blerjan with economizer. It is installed at the factory and gives detailed recommendations on how to install the chimney, so you don’t need to invent anything.

To achieve this effect, the pipe is carefully insulated. For this, heat insulators that can withstand high temperatures are used (basalt wool, mineral cardboard, etc., a layer of 3-5 cm, depending on the characteristics of the material). Gases that have not completely cooled down in the horizontal section of the pipe enter this section, where, due to good thermal insulation, a large amount of thermal energy accumulates. The temperature of the gases rises, they flare up again. The flared gas increases in volume, but due to the limited volume, it clogs the lumen of the pipe. A plug of gases forms. All gases burn out, cool and dissolve. Then the process is repeated. Its intensity and frequency depend on the quality of the wood and the throttle position. “Buleryan” itself adapts to these parameters without additional adjustments.

Gate valve at the furnace outlet

A slide valve is installed at the exit from the furnace to regulate the draft intensity. The diameter of the damper is approximately 10-20% smaller than the diameter of the chimney. A sector approximately a quarter of a circle in size is cut out of the damper disk. This plug is welded to a metal rod, with the help of which it is movably attached to the pipe. It is with this gate and throttle on the door that the combustion mode is set. How often the stove “puffs” depends on the fuel and their position.

It is worth agreeing that the Buleryanov device is original and expedient in everything. Very interesting and unusual solutions made these stoves very popular. Moreover, even without the last afterburning in the pipe, they use the device and do not complain: its efficiency is much higher than air heaters of other designs. Added to this is high safety: even leaving the door open, it is impossible to get caught. The same as getting burned on a hot body: in normal operating mode its temperature is only 50-60°C, which is clearly not enough for a burn.

Do-it-yourself Buleryan stove

Making such a heating device yourself is difficult, but quite possible. It is enough to understand the principle of its operation and have the necessary tools and consumables.

As a rule, before starting to make a stove yourself, a drawing is made.

And any correctly executed drawing of a heating device contains a specification that lists the required materials, pipe moldings and the area of steel sheets.

List of basic tools without which it is impossible to complete it:

First of all, you will need complete welding equipment, including consumables (electrodes, etc.) - this will be required when assembling the furnace;
Assembly equipment (pipe benders and pipe cutters, wooden wedges, clamps, grinding machine, etc.) - needed when cutting blanks and performing rough assembly of individual components;
Control and measuring equipment.

Next you need to do:

Manufacturing of bent pipe sections.
Manufacturing of a device for smoke removal and condensate collection.
Manufacturing of dampers for vent and outlet.
Making a door for the combustion chamber.
Weld a frame of bent pipes and install a partition in it.
Welding metal sheets in the space between pipes.
Installation of a door with a lock.
Manufacturing and welding of metal legs.

Stages of work:

The work begins with the fact that the measured sections are separated from the tubular molding. Please note that the length of the measured segments must be equal to the length of the arc that is bent from it.
The next step is to separate the oval blanks intended for the manufacture of the end walls of the furnace from the metal sheet. From the remnants of the latter, tapes should be cut, which will then be used to close the gaps in the furnace wall (between the pipes). In addition, we should not forget about preparing the ash flap and the U-shaped pan.
After marking and cutting out the main parts, the remaining sheet steel is used to make the furnace door and strips required for assembling the exhaust pipe and assembling the round pipe installed on the ash pan.
After this, bending of strips and pipes is performed. Moreover, both strips and pipes for their subsequent installation on the body are bent along a given arc, checking with the existing caliber (in our version, the length of the pipe is 1200 millimeters, and the radius is 225 millimeters.).
A roller pipe bender is perfect for performing this work. And to make pipes for the chimney and vent, the pipes are bent into a ring (with the same tool). If this is not possible, then simply cut them from a large diameter pipe.

Initially, the body is made.
For this:
- We lay the first pipe on the welding table (if you count from the back wall), place next to it a wooden beam equal in thickness to the diameter of the pipe;
After this, we place the second beam next to it (overlapping in relation to the first) and with emphasis on pipe No. 2;
Next, in a checkerboard pattern, we repeat these operations until we reach the height of the front wall;
After this, our pipe pyramid is leveled and spot welded at the interfaces.

Thus, we formed the skeletal basis of the body of our body.

After this, we weld a U-shaped tray inside at the required height. It will cut off the primary chamber of the firebox from the secondary one. We also pinpoint the junction of the specified pan and the outer part of the future combustion chamber, after which we go through the entire plane with a continuous seam.
Then, a perforated or tubular shelf is installed above the place where the blower pipe will be installed.
The next stage of work involves closing the gaps remaining between the pipes with metal strips that are curved with the same radii. Then we turn our structure into a horizontal position and weld the mating lines along their entire length with permanent seams.
After this, we proceed to the manufacture of the end walls, back and front.
Front wall:
- We lay our oval blank on the front part, after which we mark the boundaries in order to make the fit as precise as possible;
- In the semi-finished product from which the front wall is made, we cut out a hole for arranging the blower, and weld a pipe for the subsequent installation of the throttle valve. You can install a factory one, or you can make it yourself.
  To do this, you will need to cut through the walls of the manufactured pipe along the axial lines, inserting a pin there and welding a flat disk onto it, the diameter of which should coincide with the internal flow section of the pipe installed on the blower;
The firebox door will be a short cylinder with a double wall. When properly manufactured, it is put directly on the collar made on the front wall. At the same time, it enters the gap between the outer and inner rings.
The rings are pre-welded onto the end of the door (its flat plate). To ensure higher tightness, an asbestos cord is additionally laid between these rings.
The door is secured with a specially installed eccentric-type latch, in which a pin welded to the outside of the plinth is fixed. And on the opposite side of the door from the latch there are installation hinges.
Having assembled the front part of the furnace, we weld it to the main structure. Then we move to the back wall, which is a regular circle with a hole that is made above the location of the inner tray. The gas outlet pipe is installed here. At the penultimate stage of assembly, it is simply welded into the back wall.
After this, L-shaped supports are mounted on which our structure will stand. They are welded into the body from below.

How to heat properly

The main operating mode of “Buleryan” is smoldering mode (firewood, pellets, wood chips, briquettes). Intensive combustion - only for the first time to quickly heat the room. If combustion is constantly active, the metal will quickly burn out: it was not created for such a regime.

First you need to light the oven. For these purposes, you can use paper, cardboard, pellets, dry wood chips, etc. the main requirement is dry fuel that burns at a high speed. The volume of the bookmark is for 20-30 minutes of burning. Here you need to get used to it: the fuel should turn into coals at a time when the room is almost completely warmed up.

First, add dry, fast-burning fuel.

The fire is lit with the damper and throttle open, and the door is closed. The fuel burns actively and the room heats up quickly: at this time, from 4 to 6 cubic meters of air passes through four pipes per minute, and the outlet temperature is around 140°C. So even a decent room won’t take much time.

You need to observe the process: through the glass in the door or through an open throttle, however, the second method is very inconvenient. When the fuel turns into coals, coarsely chopped firewood is added to the firebox. You can use whole logs of wood, just push them through... You can put in briquettes. What you can't use is coal. The oven is not designed for such temperatures. Bulleryans are a purely wood-burning stove.

Now set the throttle to the mode required (you can go to the extreme position up to the limiter), the damper to the “closed” position (¼ of the chimney cross-section remains open). In this situation, the fuel smolders, and the process proceeds in stages. Air heated to 60-70°C comes out of the pipes, and the furnace body has a temperature of about 50°C.

How not to heat: There is no need to “accelerate” the stove to super high temperatures. And it’s not just that the metal will burn out. It’s just that with this design, most of the heat cannot be transferred to the air through the heating pipes: its thermal conductivity is limited. And all the excess will simply fly away through the chimney into the street. Therefore, the manufacturer categorically does not recommend using coal or coke: it is a waste of money, and besides, the equipment will quickly break down, and the plant will not accept complaints - the operating conditions are violated.

Practical advice - how to use Buleryan

Guided by experience in use and, moreover, production, I would like to give some recommendations:

Assemble chimney pipes against the flow of gases, and not along the flow, as the manufacturer advises. This will help keep your flooring safe from the wood resins leaking from every hole in the stove. Then they can return back to the chimney and burn.
Follow fire safety rules and do not neglect them when organizing a room near the stove.
Follow the instructions and ensure easy disassembly and assembly of the pipe for easy access when cleaning soot and resins.
Customize the work of your Buleryan to suit you. Determine the acceptable combustion temperature. Periodically inspect the top of the pipe for resin build-up.
Select the heating mode that suits you. The longest burning time multiplied by the minimum degree of chimney blockage. The optimal ratio is achieved if you clean the oven twice a season.
Dry the wood over the stove before putting it inside.

In addition to logs, use briquettes made from wood chips and sawdust as fuel. They will make the stove a little easier to use. They will make the firebox cheaper.

Finally…

The article was written for people who heat Buleryan around the clock in winter. The article will not be useful for weekend summer residents. All my observations and advice are personal opinions and do not claim to be official instructions on how to drown Buleryanchik.

Engineers are constantly introducing something new into heaters. Devices that distribute flammable gases evenly throughout the furnace. The Brenerans also have individual precise adjustment of the wood burning mode.

If there are any innovations in your favorite, be sure to write your comment under the article, I think it will be very useful.

Peace to your home. Warmth and comfort to you.

Installation "Buleryan"

When installing, you must maintain the distances to the walls that are recommended by the fire department. Examples of wall protection and distance to the stove depending on the material:

wooden unplastered - at least 1000 mm;
layer of heat insulator 7 mm, and metal on top 1 mm - distance 500 mm;
non-combustible plaster with a layer of 25 mm and ceramic tiles - 700 mm;
single brickwork (55 mm) - 500 mm;
double brickwork (110 mm) - 300 mm;
a shield made of two sheets of metal 1 mm thick, assembled using non-flammable inserts, the distance between the sheets is 30 mm; The structure is mounted on a wall protected by a layer of thermal insulation - the distance to the walls is 300 mm.

The Bulerjan stove must be installed on a non-combustible base. This could be four rows of bricks laid flat. A clay mixture is used as a solution. The dimensions of the base are 30 cm larger than the parameters of the stove in any direction. To save bricks, you can leave voids in the two bottom rows. Another type of non-flammable base is a metal stand for “Buleryan” made of pipes. Its height is 150-300 mm. For any installation method, a metal sheet must be placed on the combustible floor in front of the stove; its dimensions are: width 500 mm, length 700 mm.

Rules for installing Buleryanov on a flammable floor

When installing the Buleryan stove with your own hands, it is important to make the chimney correctly. They are subject to general requirements (except that it must all be insulated, but this is not a requirement of firefighters, but technological nuances). The chimney pipe can be:

Brick. Wall thickness 120 mm.
Concrete with a wall of 60 mm.
Metal (including sandwich).

The chimney parameters depend on the model. For Buleryan stoves of types 00 and 01, the minimum height is 4 m, cross-section is 120 mm; for models type 02, 03 and 04 - above 5 m, with a cross-section of 150 mm. The chimney must be made airtight, and the joints must be sealed with heat-resistant sealant.

Both types of chimney outlet are allowed: through the roof or into the wall

Both methods of exhausting the chimney are allowed - through the wall and the ceiling. Output to the wall is easier to implement, especially if there are several floors. When exiting through the ceiling, it is necessary to equip a passage unit through the ceiling and roof in compliance with all fire safety measures. The height of the chimney above the ridge is at least 0.5 m.

As you can see, there are no excessive requirements for the installation: you have prepared the place, built a sealed insulated chimney, and you can carry out the first fire. So installing a Buleryan stove with your own hands is possible.

General instructions

Buleryan's kindling scheme:

Open the chimney gasifier regulator.
Open the blower damper.
First, lay down wood chips or medium/large-sized firewood, add some crumpled paper/newspaper;
Light the wood, check combustion and close the stove door;
Check for traction after 15-20 minutes;
Approximately every 5 minutes you need to close the damper a little, but you cannot close it completely;
Do not move away from the stove while lighting;
When the temperature decreases, you can add the next batch of firewood (use only large, dry firewood);

You can also watch detailed video instructions on kindling Buleryan:

After some time of use, you will gain the necessary experience and melting buleryan will become a simple task.

What kind of wood to burn?

Before using the stove, you should figure out how to properly heat Buleryan with wood, because not everyone is suitable for this purpose. Any hardwood firewood is suitable for heating.

It is not recommended to use coniferous varieties ; they quickly clog the chimney. If you heat the stove with apple, pear, cherry, etc., little heat will be released.

Can I use other fuel?

Coal. Buleryan stoves come with special operating and fire safety instructions. If you follow these instructions exactly, it is prohibited to heat the stove with coal alone; a large amount of heat from burning coal can melt the metal. You can use brown coal, but only together with firewood. Many sources on the Internet describe many ways to heat Buleryan with coal, but you should not rely on them, these methods may not be safe.
Workout. According to the instructions, the waste cannot be used as fuel. Its use will lead to burnout of the pipes and failure of the furnace.
Briquettes. Peat briquettes are an ideal type of fuel; they have good heat transfer and do not impair the performance of the stove. Briquettes are difficult to purchase in a store; they are usually ordered on the Internet, but suppliers mainly sell only in large quantities, which is inconvenient for personal use.
Sawdust, wood chips and tree bark. Kindling with sawdust, wood chips and tree bark is not prohibited - this is a good way to save money, allowing you to reduce the use of good firewood. In order to use this type of fuel, you must first light the stove with wood, and then add wood waste.
Pellets. The method of melting with pellets is similar to that used when melting with sawdust, wood chips and bark. Since pellets are made from wood, they are also suitable for buleryan, but before that a special mesh is installed.

How to properly stack firewood?

First of all, wood chips are laid for kindling. You can set fire using different ignition means. Afterwards the firewood is stacked. The furnace operates in normal mode or in gas generation mode. Continuous operation in normal mode reduces the service life of the boiler. It is important not to use wet firewood, as this will damage the chimney over time.

For a longer service life of the stove, it is necessary to periodically clean it; to do this, it is enough to burn special briquettes if the chimney begins to clog.

How to reduce consumption?

Use dry firewood.
Clean the chimney regularly.
Heat the stove with wood from acacia, oak and aspen - they are the hardest.
Insulate the chimney.

Optimal temperature

Before purchasing a Buleryan stove, you need to decide on its size. This affects how much area the boiler can heat. The period between laying firewood is long - 8-12 hours. To always maintain a comfortable temperature, it is enough to periodically add firewood.

The optimal temperature depends on the size, power of the stove and the volume of the firebox. The principle of operation is similar to a conventional potbelly stove, but the efficiency is higher, so the bullerian will quickly warm up a large room.

General fire safety rules

Do not add too much firewood.
During heating, do not move away from the stove, constantly check for draft.
Do not use only coal as fuel, this may cause the metal to melt and spread the fire.
Watch the stove closely while it is burning.
Clean your chimney regularly.
Please read the instructions carefully before use.

Models

Buleryan heating stoves are produced by different factories in different countries. There is a plant in Ukraine. They produce heating “Bullers” and sauna stoves; there are also heat accumulators compatible with some models.

Ukrainian version. "Bullers"

The technical characteristics of Buleryan convection ovens manufacturer are summarized in the table.

Technical characteristics of Ukrainian-made Buleryanov (click to enlarge picture)

Thermal accumulators are used mostly in greenhouses, where there are almost no walls that accumulate heat in conventional buildings. The hinged panels are made of painted steel plates and completely follow the shape of the stove, so each modification has its own heat accumulator. The device is hung on the tops of the heat exchange pipes and rests on their lower ends. They can be filled with any solid heat-intensive material: broken brick, large crushed stone, pebbles, etc.

Canadian Bulerjan. Models of different power

Canadian Buleryan stoves are also represented in Russia. Their characteristics are summarized in the table. As you can see, the design is different, but the characteristics are the same.

Canadian Bulerjan. Technical specifications (click to enlarge image size)

Combustion theory and disadvantages of the Buleryan firebox

If you understand the operation of heating stoves with long-term heat release, the so-called Buleryans (Brenerans). These are simply ordinary, unremarkable potbelly stoves with increased efficiency due to the large heat transfer area. Firewood in Buleryan does not burn, but rather rots, and this process has a lot of disadvantages - more on that later.

At the moment the device is ignited, the wood flares up, warming itself up, it heats the chimney pipe, thereby, as it were, “turning on” the draft in the stove. When wood burns, volatile gases immediately begin to be released. It is these gases that ensure a constant combustion temperature of the firewood in the firebox.

With further combustion, heavy fractions of flammable gases are released. In a good way, these gases should burn in the afterburner. But in practice, due to the humidity of the firewood, there are too many of these gases and they cannot burn, because there is simply no air, and without it there is no combustion. You need to buy dry firewood - this is the first disadvantage.

Many believe that the problem is solved with the help of afterburning tubes, but designers design the furnace so that it saves fuel and does not burn the stacked stack in minutes. This means the tubes are ineffective.

If you do not use dry firewood, then the second disadvantage follows from the first. Rising up the chimney, oily gas fractions adhere to the surface of the pipe. In the cavity of the pipe, drops of condensate flow down and form peculiar growths of tree resin. Which, without burning, freeze and “block” the path of rising exhaust gases until they completely block the chimney. This means the second disadvantage is that the oven often gets clogged.

How to heat several rooms

Long-burning boilers "Buleryan" can be used to heat several rooms. To do this, it is not necessary to somehow alter or modernize the unit. You can assemble air ducts and a thermal chamber. Such an air heating system is no less effective than a water heating system, and requires much less money and time to organize.

Assemble the thermal chamber as shown in the figure. You can use galvanized drywall profiles and galvanized sheets. Assemble the frame from the profile. In galvanized sheets, cut holes for the grilles and inspection door, then attach them to the frame. Cover the galvanized surface with thermal insulation (mineral wool mats). Next, the camera can be decorated or not - as desired.

The thermal chamber will allow you to accumulate heat from the stove. From it you can already route air ducts between rooms

Air ducts are connected to the upper outlets for heated air. They can be made of plasterboard, or you can use metal pipes of the appropriate diameter or square ones, as in standard air ducts.

This solution is much more effective than putting corrugation on heat exchange pipes. In the heat chamber you collect all the heat from the furnace and then distribute it through the air ducts. In general, when designing or planning a system, keep in mind that the shorter the ducts, the more efficient the heating will be.

There is one caveat: some people really want to adapt this stove for water heating. Breneran and some other manufacturers of similar stoves even have “Aqua” options. But the operating principle itself is poorly suited for heating water: it has a greater heat capacity than air. The efficiency of such units will not be great. If you want water heating, buy a regular hot water boiler, long-burning or pyrolysis. It will be more efficient.

Common Operation Problems

The main problem when operating a buleryan is the release of flammable gases, which cannot burn due to the moisture of the wood and are released in the form of condensate. To solve all operational problems, it is enough to use exclusively dry firewood, otherwise the released gases will settle on the surface of the pipes and form growths, leading to blockages.

Why does Buleryan smoke?

Buleryan may smoke due to the fact that there is no draft or the stove has not been serviced for a long time, i.e. the chimney was not cleaned; similar situations occur if the stove was still heated with wet wood. These problems can be eliminated by mechanically cleaning the pipes with a special metal rod or by cleaning with special chemical briquettes. After cleaning the chimney and if there is draft, smoke will not come out.

It can also smoke due to the fact that the damper is completely closed, i.e. there is simply nowhere for the smoke to escape. As stated in the instructions for heating the stove, the damper should not be closed, only slightly closed.

Can't melt it

At the beginning of operation, using Buleryan is a pleasure - it does not take up much space, warms the room well, and saves firewood. But, if over time the stove becomes more and more difficult to light, this means that the chimney may be clogged and needs to be cleaned. There are two ways to clean the stove: mechanical (use a special metal rod to break through the build-up that has formed in the chimney), chemical (heat the stove with special brackets, which remove the blockage during combustion).

When installing a stove, proper installation of external chimney pipes is necessary. If the pipes are installed incorrectly - there are hills nearby (trees or buildings), or the pipe does not rise enough above the roof of the house and the ridge, the smoke will not be able to escape through them, but will go into the room. It is impossible to light the stove under such conditions. Check that the chimney pipes are installed correctly.

Reviews about "Buleryan"

With reviews, everything is very simple: everyone who uses the stove is satisfied, very satisfied or “nightmarishly satisfied” (the last saying is a quote from one message). The only thing that people are actively discussing is an effective heat distribution scheme for heating a large number of rooms. What they encounter during operation: the accumulation of soot in chimneys, which needs to be cleaned from time to time. Another thing worth remembering (again, from operating experience): you cannot narrow the chimney, then adjusting the Buleryan will be either very difficult or impossible (this is to adjust the position of the damper and throttle for stable combustion and high efficiency).

Advantages and disadvantages of the oven

Advantages of the oven:

Fast heating of the room. The temperature is adjusted by adjusting the power and the appropriate type of wood. Within 2-3 hours the room is completely heated.
For an apartment, it is enough to have a small Buleryan; the required temperature is constantly maintained by adding additional firewood. Capable of heating large rooms.
Evenly heats the area of the room, without any remaining cold space.
Does not dry out the air, maintains acceptable humidity in the atmosphere, eliminates smoke and soot at home. Safe to use.
It is small in size and heats a large area. Temperature regulation, depending on the desire, of the heated area.
Quickly and evenly heats the living space.
Economical fuel consumption (wood). One bookmark lasts up to eight hours.
Ease of use and operation. There is a convenient door through which firewood or other fuel can be loaded.
Does not require the use of electrical appliances, saves electricity and gas.
High performance thanks to a two-chamber firebox.

The main disadvantages of the Bulerien stove:

Work with only one type of fuel - wood (although it is possible to use fuel pellets).
A large percentage of loss of generator gas that does not participate in the combustion process.
Formation of condensate in the form of solid deposits inside the pipe. The chimney pipe must be well insulated.
Takes up quite a lot of space.
To obtain pyrolysis gas, only dry firewood is needed.
When the Buleryan stove operates, dust burns and settles on the outer surface of the housing.
Constant emission of smoke due to incomplete combustion of wood. To prevent intense smoke, the pipe must be installed at a height of 3-5 m from the ground surface.
There is a burning smell when the oven is operating.

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