The structure of an electric water heating boiler

Boilers and characteristics

Energy-saving boilers for home heating do not differ in appearance from standard electric boilers, but have a higher energy consumption class. This type of equipment is intended for individual heating systems. The following are the advantages of using an electric boiler in private homes :

• operation requires only power supply;
• large selection of boiler manufacturers and models;
• simple installation;
• high efficiency and productivity;
• noiselessness and environmental friendliness;
• compact and good design.

Compared to traditional types of electric boilers, resource consumption is reduced by 30-35%.

Energy-saving boilers are divided into several types:

• ionic;
• electrode;
• ion exchange.

On a note! All types of boilers are the same in their operating structure - the coolant is heated, but at the same time they have differences in the method of converting energy into heat.

Types of electric boilers of varying power differ only in size Source teplogidromash.ru
The process of energy saving of the new generation of boilers is possible due to a number of nuances:

• inertial heating of the coolant is reduced several times;
• the process of converting electricity into thermal energy (the entire volume of coolant in the boiler chamber is heated);
• possibility of using soft start;
• all energy-saving boilers have a simple design, created on the basis of reliable modern materials;
• it is possible to connect efficient radiators to the system;
• automatic control of the temperature regime of air masses and coolant.

Energy-saving electric boilers for home heating can have one or two heating circuits . Single-circuit ones are used only for heating, while double-circuit ones additionally provide the house with hot water.

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in electrical work

Design and principle of operation of a double-circuit electric boiler Source modernsys.com.ua

Deciding on the type of electric boiler

heating elements new

The classic, most common models, in which the well-known heating elements (tubular electric heaters) are used as a heating element. Almost all models are produced in the usual monoblock housing, which, in addition to a flask with heating elements, contains a circulation pump, an expansion tank, a safety valve and an air vent, and a set of necessary sensors. Therefore, installation of the boiler is as simple as possible; just hang the structure on the wall and connect the supply and return to it.

Construction of a standard heating element electric boiler.

Heating element electric boilers have the most developed automation, which ensures economical operation of the boiler and allows you to fine-tune its operation. Models in the middle and higher price segments have smooth degree adjustment. The most effective models are those with the ability to connect external control, for example, a room thermostat, which controls the operation of the electric boiler based not on the temperature of the coolant, but on the temperature of the air in the room, which is more correct and efficient. Room thermostats are often not included, but the cost of the simplest models (which are quite sufficient) is only about 1000 rubles.

A known disadvantage of heating element models is the formation of a layer of scale on the heating element when using hard, unfiltered water as a coolant. To heat the coolant through a layer of scale, more power and time are required; accordingly, energy consumption increases and efficiency decreases. Already in the 2-3 heating season it can drop to 80-85% (from the original 99%).

The solution is to use soft filtered water that is not drained from the heating system every season or regularly replace the heating element. The remaining elements in high-quality models rarely fail.

The best heating element models of electric boilers (all with a power of 24 kW):

Review of Kospel electric boilers The best in terms of price-quality ratio

Electrode (ion type)

A visual principle of operation of an electrode heating boiler.
Electrodes located at a certain distance from each other are used as a heating element in ionic electric boilers. They have a certain polarity and attract water ions. But when alternating current is applied to them, they change their polarity 50 times per second (at a standard frequency of 50 Hz), which causes constant movement of water ions and its subsequent heating.

Since this principle of operation does not result in scale formation and the efficiency remains stable throughout the entire period of operation, electrode boilers are considered more economical. But this is only true in comparison with budget heating elements models and when using hard water. The automation of electrode boilers is still inferior to the automation of heating element models costing 30 thousand rubles or more.

A distinctive feature of electrode boilers is their compact size; they are slightly larger than the diameter of the heating system pipe and do not require space around them. But all the necessary CO elements, such as an expansion tank, a safety group, and, if necessary, a circulation pump, must be additionally installed separately. High-quality ion electric boilers are extremely durable, since there is absolutely nothing to break in their simple design.

Is it worth using electrode boilers for heating a private house?

The best electrode models of electric boilers (all with a power of 25 kW):

Induction

Operating principle of induction electric boilers.
The heating principle in electric induction boilers consists of an induction coil, which, when voltage is applied to it, forms a magnetic field. Inside the coil there is a core (metal pipe), which, being in a magnetic field, under the influence of Foucault eddy currents is heated to a temperature set automatically, giving off heat to the coolant flowing through it.

Induction electric boilers are extremely reliable, require a minimum of attention, heat the coolant 50-70% faster, but cost 2 times more than their analogues, and such advantages are noticeable only in the industrial sector. In individual systems, their use is justified only if it is necessary to use antifreeze, oil or glycerin as a coolant rather than standard water.

Are induction electric boilers justified in the heating system of a private home?

Today, only one induction model is effective:

Selection and recommendations

There is a sufficient selection of domestic and foreign equipment on the market, so it is worth deciding in advance on the type and characteristics of the future boiler. Energy-saving electric boilers have several properties that should be taken into account when choosing a heating system.

The choice is determined by the following key characteristics:

• Efficiency . Standard energy-saving boilers have an efficiency level of about 98%, and automatic control contributes to the optimal level of heat production.
• A design that can be easily matched to a specific room interior.
• Functionality . The line includes models with instant heating. This heating of the coolant increases efficiency and simplifies the adjustment of boiler power. Also, each model has its own additional options that help improve the control and operation of the boiler. It is worth considering that the price also depends on the number of additional sets of options - the more there are, the higher the cost of the model.

The small size of the equipment allows you to fit an electric boiler into any room Source ultra-term.ru

• Warranty and service life . When purchasing certified equipment, the client is issued a guarantee, which indicates the period of warranty operation, and also informs about the features of repairing the equipment in the event of a breakdown. You must understand that the warranty period and service life are different concepts. So, if the warranty period is 10 years, this means that the device is guaranteed to work for this period, or it will be repaired for free. And the service life can exceed the warranty and be 20, 30 or more years.
• Manufacturer and brand of boiler . You can choose an energy-saving heating boiler for a private home not only according to preferences, but also according to reviews from real users.

The choice of boiler is made in accordance with the required characteristics. It is worth paying attention to the price segment, since different models with the same set of functions have different prices. Most often this is due to the manufacturer and materials used in the manufacture of the boiler.

A large number of positive reviews confirm the effectiveness of using this type of autonomous heating. Users emphasize the ease of installation of equipment, ease of control and reliability of electric boilers.

Electrode heating boilers and their features

This type is the most common, which is not surprising. In most old private houses, heating is done using an open method. What's the point of converting the entire system to an induction heater if you can only install electrode equipment.

Such a small electrode boiler has a power of 5 kW

Here electrolysis is used as heating. The boiler itself is connected to “zero”, while the “phase” is supplied to the electrode in the center (three electrodes at a voltage of 380 V). It turns out something like a “student” or “army” boiler. Such systems are the safest compared to heating elements. Indeed, if the water is turned off, a closed electric heating element (in the event of a failure of the automation) may simply explode. Electrode equipment is free of such risks. The lack of liquid in the boiler entails a break in the contact, which means that the electric boiler will simply stop functioning.

We invite our dear reader to read one of the reviews about an electrode boiler for heating a private home.

Gvoz4D, Russia, Ussuriysk: For installation and commissioning, basic knowledge of physics at the 8th grade level and the ability to distinguish zero from phase is sufficient.
First of all, do everything according to the instructions and, indeed, special attention to the coolant and compliance with its parameters. (...) I have been using the Galan electrode boiler from the end of December to the present, and I am absolutely satisfied with it. I foresee an increase in the electricity bill, but this will most likely be a consequence of playing with salt in the water, since I set up the boiler “manually”, that is, without a device measuring the load... Now we have reached the design parameters - and now this coal, this constant voltage has given in to me -heat the stove five months a year... Read more on Review:

Electrode boiler disassembled - there is nothing complicated about it

Popular models

There is a wide selection of electric boiler brands on the market. Among the popular models you can find options in different price segments.

• Galan is a domestic manufacturer . It has three main modification options that are suitable for heating a room of any size without reducing the efficiency of the system. The "Ochag" model range varies in cost from a few to 11-12 thousand rubles, the price depending on the power of the boiler.

Installation of a heating system with an electric boiler Galan Source galanshop.eu

• Savitr is a manufacturer from Russia that produces boiler models for various tasks, with a power from 4 to 120 kW. There are three model options: Mini 3 – 8,400 rubles, Classic 4 – 9,900 rubles, Optima 4 – 19,000 rubles.
• Ukrainian manufacturer EnergoLux provides boilers with additional functions, including: wireless temperature sensors, various programs and climate control. There is a peculiarity - individual radiators are independent devices for different rooms and rooms. Cost of models: Premium-1500PU/12 – 9400 rubles, Elite-1500PUT/15 – 12200 rubles.
• Polish brand KOSPEL-EKCO . The model range has different functionality and power. The cost varies from 27 to 40 thousand rubles.
• SAV is a model range with increased power and efficiency of 99%. The price varies depending on the power level, from 30 to 120 thousand rubles.

Typical connection diagram for a wall-mounted induction electric boiler SAV 2.5-500 kW Source stilissimostroy.ru
There are many different manufacturers on the market for energy-saving electric boilers, including those who are little known in our country. When choosing the optimal boiler model, you should take into account all factors, including the popularity of the equipment model.

It is worth noting that even well-known manufacturers have boilers with different characteristics , so it is necessary to pay attention to all the characteristics of the equipment model. The selection of the desired equipment option is based on the basic requirements and features of heating the room.

Some nuances of choosing a water heater for heating

When deciding which most economical electric boiler to choose for your home, you need to decide at what intensity it is expected to operate. If this is only additional heating, then 2-3 kW of power will be quite enough. You should also think about the need for a second circuit. If you need hot water supply in your home, then it will be much more profitable to purchase a double-circuit water heater for heating than to buy a separate one for hot water supply. And during operation, obvious savings will be noticeable.

For many, the most important indicator of quality is the brand, but you should not blindly trust what is written on the packaging. Nowadays there is quite a lot of counterfeit. But even if all the documents and certificates are in order, perhaps there is an electric boiler nearby on the counter with the same characteristics and not worse quality, but at a lower cost. This happens due to inflated prices “for the brand”. The more it is promoted, the higher the cost of the product will be, which is not always justified by the quality and equipment.

Some electric boilers are so compact that they practically do not differ from main pipes

Peculiarities

First of all, electric boilers are a universal heating method for rooms where there is no gas equipment. They have proven themselves well in heating private houses; equipment of this type is also used in apartments both as an additional and as the main source of heating.

Option for using an electric boiler for heating an apartment as a backup heat source Source tproekt.com

This principle of operation and the versatility of the equipment allows energy-saving boilers to gain popularity among users of individual heating systems. Main advantages of use:

• Quiet operation and environmental friendliness.
• Using high-quality materials that increase service life.
• Operating efficiency with the compactness of the presented models. The boiler can be installed in any room, as it does not require an additional technical room or special ventilation.
• Most of the options offered on the market have a long warranty period , which allows you not to worry about the need to independently repair or completely replace the equipment.
• If necessary, an option is selected that has numerous additional functions.

Connecting an electric boiler with continuously adjustable EVAN Warmos - 7.5/380V Source vyborok.com

• Automation is based on reliable electronic systems capable of independently regulating the required level of heat exchange, which reduces the likelihood of breakdowns and malfunctions.
• If a powerful heating system is required, then you can select models with high efficiency and good production capacity, but it should be understood that each model has limitations on the area of ​​​​full heating. For most powerful options, this limit is 80 m2.

When choosing a boiler for your home, you should be guided by parameters such as intensity of use and the need to heat water. With equal power, double-circuit options are always higher in cost compared to single-circuit ones.

Double boilers are often used for a complete individual heating system in a private home. Single-circuit types of boilers are used both as an additional type of heating and as the main source of heat. The high efficiency of boilers allows you to fully heat the air and maintain the desired temperature in the room.

An example of placing an electric double-circuit electric boiler Source profibrus.ru

To choose the right room heating system, you should decide on several key factors for individual heating :

• functionality and size of the room;
• construction and design of equipment according to the technical specifications for installing and connecting the boiler in a certain room;
• selection of a manufacturer and a specific boiler model in the optimal price range that will meet all the necessary parameters.

This approach will allow you to correctly evaluate all the technical details and choose the preferred boiler option that will satisfy all the requirements of the home owners. Proper operation of the equipment, inspection of its condition and timely maintenance will significantly extend the service life of the equipment.

See also: Catalog of popular house projects from 60 to 80 m² - from construction companies presented at the Low-Rise Country exhibition.

Number of circuits in water heaters

Single-circuit electric heating boilers provide the ability to heat only the coolant. They can heat the house, but in this case something will have to be decided about the hot water supply system. Typically, homeowners install a separate water heater, which solves this problem. However, it is much easier to eliminate it in another way.

Double-circuit heating boilers are quite convenient. What is especially pleasing is that, if there is a second circuit for installing a hot water supply system, there is no additional electricity consumption. This happens due to the fact that the water is heated by the coolant of the heating system. It all happens as follows. In the tank where the hot water is located, there is a coil through which coolant passes, heated to a certain temperature. At the same time, it transfers part of its heat to the water, heating it. It turns out that if you install a single-circuit electric boiler for heating a house of 100 square meters and compare it with a double-circuit analogue that allows the connection of hot water supply, then there will be no noticeable difference in electricity consumption.

Electric boilers for heating can also be wall-mounted - these are more compact