Heating water with electricity
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Electricity prices make up a significant portion of the family budget, especially if you often need to heat water in large quantities from the network. General view of the device in the photo.
The water heater circuit presented below can significantly reduce energy costs. Judge for yourself, consuming only 150 watts from the network, the device heats water in the same way as a heater with a power of 1.5 - 2 kilowatts! The secret of this efficiency lies in the use of reactive current.
Any home craftsman can make such a super efficient water heater. You will need one working LATR + core from LATR, a coil of copper wire and a copper tube. Please note that the jumper is made from a piece of rubber hose! Carefully insulate the copper tube from the core. The water heats up almost instantly.
There are craftsmen who have connected such a heater to the heating system of the house (warm floors) or to radiators.
Boiler rating.
At the moment, stores offer a huge variety of different drive models from imported and domestic companies. From the most complex and expensive devices from Europe to simpler and cheaper ones from China and Russia.
The following brands of boilers are considered the most popular and durable:
- AEG are considered one of the best drives and, accordingly, one of the most expensive. Most of the company's models are assembled in Europe. They have a wide variety of models. The company regularly introduces new technological developments into devices.
- ELECTROLUX. Boilers from a Swedish company. These models are distinguished by their strict design, durability and good quality for year-round use.
- ARISTON. Boilers from an Italian company. One of the most popular models among Russians, due to the ratio of cost and quality. The service network is widespread throughout Russia.
- BOSCH. The products of this German company are distinguished by their excellent quality and the ability to choose a model among different price categories.
Before deciding to purchase a drive, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons of purchasing it. You should also carefully consider the choice of one or another boiler model depending on the conditions of its use.
General principles for calculating electricity costs when heating water in various circumstances
Standard calculation formulas used to obtain the required calculations. How to calculate the required amount of heat when heating a certain volume of water in a closed container (water heater, boiler).
For example, calculate all water heating costs:
Calculate the required amount of heat Q
How many watts/hour is required to heat 80 kg of water with an initial temperature of 10 degrees to 55 degrees Celsius?
With this formula, the calculation is simple.
Q = 80 kg x 1.163 W x 45 K
Explanation of the letter symbols in the formulas used in heating calculations:
- Q – Amount of heat in Watt/hour
- m – Quantity in liters
- P - Power in W
- P heater - Power of heater - and water heater
- W - Energy consumption in Watt/hour
- t — Heating time per hour
- n - efficiency
- 1 kg = 1 liter
- K – Temperature difference (delta)
- V1 – Cold water temperature
- V2 – Hot water temperature
- V mixed — Mixed water temperature
- M1 – Amount of cold
- M2 - Amount of hot
- M mixed — Amount of mixed water
- Md — Flow rate in time units in kg/minute
- 1.163 = Specific heat capacity of water in Watts
Indirect heating boiler - what is it?
To heat water, indirect heating boilers use heat from the home's heating system.
A little higher we looked at the design of an electric water heater. Now we will talk about indirect heating boilers. What are they and how do they differ from electric models? Indirect heating boilers operate from heating systems, taking some of the heat from them. Inside them there are coils, characterized by a large area - they provide rapid heating of water. There are also thermostats and thermometers.
Indirect heating boilers are highly efficient and productive, since the area of the heating elements (coils) is quite large, and heating is carried out throughout the entire volume. How to get hot water in the warm season, when heating systems no longer work? To do this, you need to purchase or make an indirect heating boiler with a built-in heating element - it will provide water heating when the heat from the heating system is not enough.
Some indirect heating water heaters do not have complete heating elements, but are equipped with flanges for their installation. The heating elements themselves are purchased separately.
Household indirect heating boilers are highly economical, since in the winter they do not consume electricity, but are powered by heating systems. At the same time, connecting them to heating does not lead to noticeable gas consumption, which is a big plus.
Required amount of energy consumed
The required amount of energy consumed W (work) in W/hour, how much energy is required to spend heating 80 liters of water from 10 degrees to 60 Celsius.
W = 80 kg x 1.163 x 45K / 0.98
The result is 4746.94 Watts, which is equal to 4.75 kW/hour of energy. Conclusion, when heating 80 liters of cold water in a closed-type electric water heater, you will have to spend 4.75 kW/hour of electricity.
Next, you can calculate the required power consumption of electricity to heat a certain amount of liquid.
Will a water heater help you save on hot water?
We are calculating whether it makes sense to abandon centralized hot water supply and switch to individual heating.
— Tired of hot water being cut off every summer. Maybe give up central hot water supply altogether and switch to a water heater? Will this be more profitable?
The issue of refusing hot water supply is not regulated by law, so there are no instructions on how consumers can disconnect from water risers. At the same time, according to the “Sanitary Rules for the Construction and Operation of Centralized Hot Water Supply Systems,” hot water (as well as cold water and heating) must be supplied to the apartment, as required by sanitary standards for residential premises.
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A specialist in the housing and communal services sector, head of the ANO ZHKH-Expert Andrey Vorobyov, advises those who do not want to use hot water supply and pay for this service to simply install an individual meter at home (if, of course, they still don’t have one - editor’s note) .). If you do not open the hot tap, the meter will show zero consumption, which means you will not have any charges on your receipts.
Having abandoned the centralized hot water supply, you can use several options for heating cold water: a storage or instantaneous electric water heater or a gas water heater. Let's figure out how profitable it is to use these devices.
Storage water heater
You can calculate energy costs manually, knowing all the necessary data, using the formula T = 0.00116 * V (T2 –T1) / W. Where V is the capacity of the tank, T2 is the heating temperature, T1 is the cold water inlet temperature, W is the heater power .
But Andrey Vorobyov suggests using an online calculator of electricity consumption for heating water.
To calculate the electricity consumed, you need to indicate the temperature of cold and hot water, as well as its volume. It is also necessary to indicate the efficiency of the heating device. According to the calculator, for a water heater this figure is 95-99%. The higher the efficiency of the device, the cheaper it will cost you to heat water.
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To calculate the full cost of heating water, you must enter your electricity tariff in rubles. And to estimate how long it takes to heat up, you need to indicate the power of the electrical appliance you use to heat the water, in kilowatts (kW). The power is often indicated on the body of the device, as well as in its operating instructions or passport.
Let's calculate the maximum possible cost of one trip to the shower. Let’s say the volume of the water heater is 80 liters, the power is 2 kW. The temperature of cold water in the tap in winter can reach 5 degrees, and the standard temperature of hot water is 60 degrees. In Kirov, in an apartment with a gas stove, the electricity tariff from July 1, 2018 is 3.79 rubles. per kW. Let's say you want to have a good splash and use up the entire volume of water in the heater at one time. Based on these data and the water heater efficiency of 95%, as the calculator shows, one trip to the shower will cost you 20.42 rubles. In apartments with electric stoves, the electricity tariff is lower - 2.55 rubles per kWh. Accordingly, all other things being equal, the cost of washing will be lower - 13.74 rubles.
Using the calculator, you can also calculate the monthly costs of heating water using a water heater. According to the standard, one person spends an average of 5 cubic meters of water (5 thousand liters) per month. The amount comes out to 858 rubles per person in an apartment with an electric stove and 1,276 rubles in an apartment with a gas stove.
Now let's see how much this amount differs from what you would pay by simply turning on the hot tap.
“A resident of Kirov spends 560.36 rubles per month to heat 5 cubic meters of water in the central hot water supply system,” says Andrey Vorobyov. - This is one and a half to two times cheaper than using a storage water heater. Therefore, savings can only be achieved by reducing water volumes. A water heater has a limited capacity, and therefore people are forced to use water more economically, for example, they do not take a bath, but use a shower. This is very individual, so everyone needs to calculate costs based on their consumption,” comments Andrey Vorobyov.
Instantaneous water heater
The same Internet calculator can help calculate the electricity costs for this type of heater. You just need to take into account how much water per month you can run through it and what the power of the device is.
If you run the same average volume consumed by a person per month through a flow-through water heater - 5 cubic meters - then the cost of electricity will be about 700 rubles per month.
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The peculiarity of a instantaneous water heater is that it has a fairly small degree of water heating. This indicator must be indicated in the documents. But on average, an instantaneous water heater heats the cold water available in the tap by 40 degrees. That is, if the water in the tap is very cold, for example, 5 degrees, which often happens in winter, then the instantaneous water heater will heat it to a maximum of 45 degrees. So most of these water heaters are more suitable for household needs than for full-fledged water procedures. For example, they are installed in the kitchen for washing dishes.
A gas boiler
You can also heat water with a gas boiler. Since gas in Russia today remains one of the cheapest types of fuel, some Kirov residents prefer to heat water with a gas boiler. Thus, Olga, a Kirov resident, said that a gas boiler was installed in her apartment - it was originally provided for by the design of the house. In winter it heats the room, and in summer it is used only to heat water.
— In June, we did not use a gas boiler to heat the apartment, we only heated water with gas. During this time, our family of 4 people received a receipt for gas in the amount of 220 rubles. This is what we spend on hot water in the summer. In winter, of course, more, since the water at the inlet has a lower temperature, and we also heat the apartment with gas,” says Olga.
But installing a gas boiler is associated with certain difficulties. So, the room where the gas boiler is installed must comply with standards, including fire safety. For example, the room must have running water, gas, a window and an exhaust hood; in addition, the requirements for the area of the room and the distance to walls and corners must be met. Therefore, the bathroom is usually not suitable for installing a gas boiler, since it does not have a window with natural light, and the corridor, as a rule, is not suitable in size - there is not enough tolerance from the corners or to the opposite wall. Also, in hallways there is usually no ventilation or it is insufficiently equipped. The problem with storage rooms is the same - there is no ventilation and windows, there is not enough volume. Therefore, gas boilers are most often installed in the kitchen, while the equipment “eats” a decent piece of usable space.
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To all the costs of heating cold water, you must, of course, add the cost of the device itself. Thus, a instantaneous water heater in Kirov can be purchased at a price from 2,800 to 10,000 rubles, depending on the model. Storage water heaters will cost more; the price will depend not only on the manufacturer, but also on the volume. So, a 50-liter device can be found at a price of 3,800 rubles.
Gas boilers are even more expensive, prices for which start from 16 thousand rubles, and the upper limit reaches 80 thousand. In addition, the gas boiler must undergo annual maintenance. This service in Kirov costs about 2000-2500 rubles. So the cheapness of gas is offset by the high costs of purchasing the boiler itself and its annual maintenance.
In addition, do not forget that we will heat cold water, which means we will increase its consumption and our costs for this utility service. This amount is not as large as in the case of hot water: on average in Kirov, a cubic meter of cold water costs 25 rubles. However, these expenses need to be taken into account.
Based on our calculations, it turns out that central hot water supply is not the most expensive option for the consumer, and it is worth buying a water heater not so much for the sake of savings, but because of the opportunity not to depend on regular hot water outages and to take water treatments whenever you want.
And now briefly about the main thing:
1. If you live in an apartment without a gas stove (you use a preferential tariff for electricity), then for you water from an electric water heater will be, on average, 1.5 times more expensive than central hot water supply.
2. If you have a gas stove in your apartment, then water from an electric water heater will, on average, be 2 times more expensive than central hot water supply.
3. The cheapest way to heat water is to use a gas boiler. But the cost of the boiler itself and the requirements for its installation make the benefits not so obvious.
4. Any water heating device provides not so much benefit as the opportunity not to depend on regular shutdowns of the central hot water supply.
If you have questions that you can't find the answer to, ask us and we will try to answer them.
Photo: favim.ru
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Required power (P) in W to heat the required volume of water
Let's say there are 80 kg (liters) of clean liquid, the requirement is to heat it from an initial temperature of 10 degrees, let's say you need a temperature of 55, the heating time should be exactly 1 hour!
To heat a volume of water of 80 liters in 1 hour, do we need?
P = 80 x 1.163 x 45K / 1 hour x 0.98
The cost calculation turned out to be 4272.2 W (4.27 kW), this is the power of the heater (HEAT) that will heat the water in one hour from ten degrees to fifty-five. If the heating time is changed to a longer time, such as two hours, the result looks like 2136 W (2.4 kW).
Heating time (t) in hours
Calculation of the required amount of time for heating 80 liters of liquid in a closed tank such as a water heater. A cold liquid of 10 °C is heated to 60 °C. Let’s take the power of the heating element of the water heater to be 2000 W (2 kW)
T = M x 1.163 x K / P heating element x efficiency
Substituting your estimated data, the formula for calculating the heating time in numbers will look like this:
80 x 1.163 x 50 / 2000 x 0.98 = 2.37 hours.
The time of heating water in a storage electric water heater directly depends on the power of the heating element.
All calculations of certain data were given using standards, without taking into account heat losses and additional fluid entering the storage tank.
Mixed water temperature calculation
Using water heating tanks, the storage type constantly occurs when cold water from the water supply is mixed with hot water located directly in the tank, preheated to a certain temperature.
When mixing 80 liters (M2) with a temperature of 60 °C, add 40 liters of a cold temperature of 10 °C.
Recommendations for selection
Horizontal type boiler
The most important design element is the tank. The capacity of household models is 5-150 liters. For country houses, volumetric models of 80 or more liters are used, because they can heat a lot of water. The dimensions of houses usually allow the use of such massive boilers, unlike apartments.
To choose the right boiler for an apartment, you need to calculate the water consumption in advance and take into account the individual characteristics of the room.
Tips for choosing a storage type electric water heater device:
First of all, the theoretical flow rate should be determined. The average consumption per minute is about 3-6 liters. Half of this volume comes from the tank. If the water heating device serves several sources, all costs must be summed up. Determining when to use the sink and shower mixer. One shower session consumes 10-40 liters of water. Half is hot water, that is, from the heater tank
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It is important to take into account the pressure of the shower, as well as the time spent in it.
All data obtained should be adjusted taking into account the individual habits of the people living in the house. You should also take into account that the absence of dishwashers increases water consumption. Maximum consumption is observed in the morning and evening.
Power must be taken into account. If you need a lot of hot water, and the room size does not allow the use of a large tank, you should choose a model with increased power. This will result in rapid heating to the required temperature. Power data can be found in the description of the device or on the packaging.
