A country house must have heating, even if it is a seasonal home. Depending on whether the house will be habitable in winter or not, the type of heating and its arrangement are selected. This could be capital heating of a country house with all safety devices and an automation system, or it could be simple heating of the necessary rooms with electrical appliances - in any case, the premises need to be heated at least to a minimum extent so that the structure does not begin to prematurely collapse from constant exposure to moisture and dampness .
Heating equipment in a country house
Choosing a stove for a country bath
The choice of a heating unit for a steam room has a number of features, and they need to be taken into account:
- The temperature of heated stones is 550-600 degrees. The oven is heated for 4 hours. Among the main disadvantages of the heater stove is its heavy weight and significant dimensions. And also in the cold season, additional heating will be required not only for the steam room, but also for the entire bathhouse.
- An easier way to heat a steam room is to install a stove made of steel or cast iron. Steel structures are inexpensive. Cast iron units retain heat remarkably well, and in addition, do not burn out. Metal appliances have a reservoir for stones. The more of them there are, the more evenly the heat is released and the longer it is retained (read: “How to install a stove in a bathhouse, tips for self-installation”).
Features of metal furnaces:
- they can be melted in less than an hour;
- they are small in size and light in weight;
- cool quickly because they have a low heat capacity;
- emit harsh heat.
Brick stoves installed in bathhouses are subject to certain requirements:
- their kindling cannot take more than 4-5 hours;
- brick stoves for a bath should have high heat capacity, not overheat the steam room and retain heat for a long time;
- It is necessary that the heat generated is soft and pleasant.
Which stove is better for a bath - types of heating sauna stoves Which stove to choose for a summer house, watch the video:
Two-pipe heating system
Do-it-yourself installation of solid fuel heating in a private house using this scheme is considered more effective than the previous option. Despite the complexity of execution and high cost, the system has a significant advantage: uniform distribution of heat across all batteries and the creation of comfortable living conditions.
A two-pipe system involves connecting a pipe with hot water to each heat exchanger and discharging the cooled coolant through a separate return pipe. In this case, the simultaneous supply of coolant allows each radiator to be evenly heated, regardless of its location relative to the boiler.
This scheme requires more materials due to the complexity of the pipe layout.
The operation of a two-pipe system can be organized according to a collector or beam scheme. In any case, heating installation from a boiler in a private house should be carried out by an experienced specialist.
In the first case, a collector is installed in the attic, thanks to which the working medium is evenly distributed throughout the pipes of the heating system. Cranes designed to cut off circuits are also installed here. This allows you to repair any area without affecting the operation of the entire system.
However, such a reliable and efficient system still has a drawback. It consists in the need to use a large number of materials, including shut-off valves, pipes, sensors and control devices.
The radial wiring option involves installing a supply pipe at the highest point of the room and installing bends to each radiator.
A two-pipe heating system can operate without a circulation pump due to its design, while operating efficiency is at a high level.
Heating system options
All options for organizing a heating system can be classified based on such criteria as the type of coolant. Thus, heating can be:
- Air;
- Steam heating;
- Electric;
- Heating with hot water.
Heating systems can be grouped based on their energy source. Thus, the heating system can use the following as an energy source:
- Liquid fuel, such as diesel fuel;
- Gas;
- Solid fuel, such as wood or coal;
- The coolant can also be electricity.
Any heating of a country house has both its advantages and disadvantages. If we take the price of the coolant as a basis, then the most expensive option will be a heating system powered by diesel fuel, and the cheapest will be gas heating of the dacha in winter. Although gas is the cheapest coolant, not all holiday villages have access to the main line.
Ratio of prices for different types of fuel
If you choose a heating system based on the price category, then you must also take into account the costs that will go into organizing the heating system, as well as the income required to transport the coolant. Heating with wood has its disadvantages, since this type of fuel first needs to be brought, then it needs to be chopped or sawed, and also a place for storage must be found.
When choosing country heating, you will have to adhere to such criteria as:
- Costs for purchasing coolant;
- Heating system installation costs;
- The cost of equipment that is necessary to organize a heating system;
- The cost of repairing the heating system, as well as the funds that will be spent on its maintenance.
Another important criterion that may influence the choice of heating system is the period of stay at the dacha. Since people come to the dacha mainly in the warm months, it does not need to be heated all year round.
Country houses for the summer. Quite a lot of country houses are made of material such as wood. The walls of such houses are not able to retain heat indoors for a long time, therefore, if the house is not heated, the room temperature will not be much different from the street temperature. A wooden house can be quickly heated using an electric heater or stove heating. Such a house will not be suitable for living in the winter months. In this case, it will be necessary to insulate it additionally, as well as install another, more efficient heating system for country houses.
Wooden cottage for the summer
Country houses for the whole year. Homes that are intended to be used throughout the year are usually prepared for harsher conditions from the start. People who live in their country houses all year round probably make sure that they always have water and light. Summer houses are usually built from panel panels, but for a more permanent type of building it is necessary to use brick or concrete. The walls and foundations of such houses should be made of materials that can trap warm air for a longer period. In a permanent building, you can install both stationary heating for a country house and other types.
A brick cottage is suitable for normal living all year round
Factors influencing choice
In most cases, owners do not live at their dacha permanently in winter. People go there periodically to take a break from the bustle of the city and enjoy the silence and clean air. But some people still use their vacation property as their primary residence. They need heating in their dacha. Experienced people can tell you how to do it correctly.
A cottage should be a wonderful place to relax
Objects built in suburban villages differ significantly in design and construction materials. You can find both light buildings made of wood and full-fledged cottages, which are built from modern materials and have several floors. To choose the most suitable option for heating a house in a summer cottage, you need to take into account many points:
- Length of stay in winter.
- Types of available energy resources. Those that have a low cost should be considered.
- Need for hot water supply.
In order to properly create heating for a country house with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account certain points during the work, which are determined by the peculiarities of the structure. For example, if a country house is combined with a bathhouse, then the best solution would be to install one heat supply source. If a large family lives in a garden house, a lot of effort will have to be made to ensure that the rooms are always warm.
Construction of heating and cooking furnaces:
Design of a heating system for a summer residence
Considering various heating systems for a summer residence, it is worth saying that almost all of them are equipped according to a similar principle and have the following set of structural elements in their design:
heating boiler, which serves as the main heating equipment;
container for coolant. In this case, it is necessary to decide in advance what kind of heating system the country house will have - closed or open. Thus, the open version provides water supply from a centralized system, while the closed type requires a regularly replenished container that is not connected to the central water supply. Speaking about the coolant, it is worth noting that this particular element is especially often mentioned in closed heating systems, where it is customary to add special additives to it that protect the structure from corrosion and prevent the water in the system from freezing;
a pump used to pump water through the system. It would be more correct to install this element in the area where the coolant is removed, that is, when water moves from the battery back to the boiler after the main amount of heat has already been given off;
pipeline
It is important to draw up a diagram of the installation of all pipes in advance and think over the principle of their location - whether they will create a single- or double-circuit system. So, in the first case, the coolant circulates through one pipe, and the dual-circuit mechanism provides for the supply and removal of water through different pipes;
radiators
At the same time, it is important to correctly calculate the number of sections of these batteries and provide for the possibility of increasing new ones, which is the simplest and most effective way to increase the power of heating equipment;
temperature sensors that allow you to configure the system to the desired power, as well as completely disable its operation.
Heating types
In order to create heating in your home with your own hands, you first need to choose the type of heating. To heat a private house, the type of water gas heating is most often used. This heating method includes reliability, efficiency and comfort. It is also worth paying special attention to the quality of the equipment and the design of the system.
Systems are divided into two types:
- natural circulation - independent movement of water through pipes;
- forced circulation - involves installing a pump.
Both systems are difficult to install, but it is quite possible to carry out such installation of a heating system with your own hands. You should choose a type based on your personal preferences, as well as focusing on the general characteristics of the house or apartment.
When heating your home with your own hands, you need to consider each type of heating to create a complete picture. For example, a heating system with natural circulation with your own hands is a worthy design, which consists of independence from electricity. This allows the scheme to be used in areas with frequent blackouts. This type of heating involves placing pipes diagonally. The location of the boiler in this case will be in the lowest zone of the house.
Forced circulation implies the presence of a pump that creates a circulation movement. This allows water to be pumped through all radiators. Another advantage of this type of heating is the presence of heating equipment, which allows you to evenly heat all rooms and the furthest boilers. The scheme also allows you to consume gas economically, and interruptions in the electricity system will only affect the pump, and not the entire system.
Gas heating of a country house
If at the dacha it is possible to connect to the main gas pipe, then the question of how to choose heating for a dacha house disappears by itself: the boiler is able to heat a country house in a short time, and the cost of the energy spent will not be too burdensome for the owners.
Small, low-power wall-mounted models are suitable for dachas; they are more than enough to heat a small house. In a gas boiler, the coolant, just like in an electric boiler, is water or antifreeze. This heating scheme assumes the presence of an installed pipeline heating system in the house.
When heating a country house, a gas boiler can operate completely autonomously (without consuming electricity). In this case, the water in the pipeline does not circulate forcibly due to the operation of the pump, but independently according to the principle of convection. That is, hot water, expanding when heated, pushes cold water into the heating zone, and so on without interruption. However, to install a non-volatile boiler, it is necessary to take into account the slope of the pipes and the height of the heat generator relative to the radiators and heating pipes.
Despite the fact that a gas boiler can be installed with your own hands, it is unlikely that you can do it without a service specialist; his responsibilities include connecting the boiler to the gas main and starting the heating unit for the first time.
If you are determined to take advantage of the benefits of a gas boiler, but do not have the opportunity to connect to pipeline gas, then you will have to install a gas tank. These welded cylindrical or spherical tanks are made of steel and are installed underground. They store liquefied gas under high pressure. The container is replenished as needed. It is worth noting that such a gas supply scheme for a dacha will entail significant costs not only for the installation of the tank itself, but also for its regular replenishment.
Regardless of whether it is a gas boiler or an electric one, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of water freezing in the pipelines and, as a result, their destruction. Using antifreeze as a coolant or using pipes with a heating cable under insulating insulation will help to avoid such an accident. In addition, the boiler protection unit will help to protect the heating system. Since its operation requires electricity, emergency power supply to the boiler from a diesel generator should be provided.
Installation sequence example
The general sequence of work was presented above. After all sorts of preparations have been made, all that remains is to install it all in place. However, it becomes unclear how to do this, in what sequence, how it is all attached and how it should then function. Therefore, we will now consider a specific example of installing a two-pipe heating system with a circulation pump, which is built on the basis of plastic pipes.
First you need to decide what type of heating you will have. Today there are two of them:
- Beam scheme;
- Sequential circuit.
The first has a second name - collector.
Collector heating circuit
Collector circuit
The main element in this case is the collector, or distributor. From it, each radiator has its own line, both return and direct. This scheme involves the installation of pipes that can be placed directly in the floor.
The following advantages are noted:
- It is possible to completely hide the pipes;
- It is possible to control the entire system and adjust the temperature in each individual room;
- It is possible to regulate the supply of coolant to each individual room;
- The hydraulic load can be easily distributed to each individual element.
There are also disadvantages:
- Quite a complicated installation process;
- Expensive compared to a sequential circuit;
- For the coolant there is a maximum temperature limit of 70-80 degrees, since the installation of pipes is carried out under the floor. If the installation was carried out along the walls, that is, in the usual way, then there is no such limitation.
Sequential design
This design is simpler and cheaper. Installation of pipes can be carried out along the walls, under the floor, under the baseboard, that is, there are practically no restrictions. The bottom line is that the supply of coolant, as well as its movement along the return line, is carried out sequentially to each battery.
Serial connection diagram
There is one big drawback - since the coolant is supplied sequentially, it will arrive at the last radiator over a longer period of time and will already have cooled down a little. This results in the furthest rooms warming up later and not as much.
However, there is a way out of this situation. Firstly, the presence of a circulation pump ensures continuous movement of the coolant throughout the entire circle. Secondly, radiators are connected to the main line through shut-off valves and a tee, that is, the supply pipe goes first, then the tee is installed. A shut-off valve is attached to one end, and a radiator is attached to it, and the same supply circuit is attached to the second end of the tee. Thus, it turns out that at any moment each radiator can simply be closed, but at the same time the access of the coolant to the remaining batteries will not be blocked.
As an installation example, let’s take the second type of circuit.
Direct installation
So, for an ordinary one-story building, horizontal routing of highways is perfect.
The main elements of such a scheme will be:
- Heating boiler;
- Pump;
- Auto air vent, thermostatic, safety and balancing valves. It must be said that all these elements are presented today in one block, which is popularly called “system automation”. This element just helps to avoid some troubles, so it is often simply not in the system. However, it should also be noted that some individual automation elements may contain heating boilers in their design;
- Expansion tank;
- Pressure gauge;
- Fittings;
- Supply and return lines;
- Batteries.
Serial and parallel connection
The first step is to install the boiler yourself. Each individual element has detailed installation instructions with all restrictions, especially when it comes to gas boilers. In the regulatory documentation for them you can also find the required minimum distances from switches, from the edges of walls, and so on.
Further from the boiler, the return pipeline begins to be laid out. The return line must be located below the supply line. When wiring, you must not forget about installing tees on each individual radiator, which were discussed a little higher.
After this, a circulation pump is installed. It is mounted in the return line. You also need to install a tee to which you need to connect a pressure gauge, if provided.
After the return line with the pump is installed, we proceed to installing the batteries ourselves. They are hung on pre-fixed brackets, which in turn are installed in pre-marked places.
Radiators are installed according to the following rules:
- There should be at least 10 cm from the bottom to the floor;
- From the protruding parts of the window sills to the top of the radiators - at least 12.
Distance from radiator to other elements
After installing the radiators, the return pipes are connected. Next, the supply pipeline is installed and secured.
Upon completion of all this work, the system is flushed. To do this, the entire circuit is opened, that is, the supply and return lines are disconnected from each other. Water flows through the supply and is immediately drained at the return end of the entire system. This happens until clean water appears at the outlet.
At this point, the heating installation can be considered complete and ready for normal operation.
Stove heating
The relevance of stove heating today is undeniable. This option is well suited when the goal is to provide heating for the dacha with your own hands.
A Russian stove can heat a country house well, but only if it is heated well. The walls of this oven are thick, it takes a lot of time to warm them up, but they also retain heat very well.
Although this stove has considerable dimensions, it also has positive qualities: it is heated with wood and is easy to operate. But today these ovens have faded into the background, giving way to modern heat storage and convection ovens.
Heat storage furnaces
Heat storage furnace
The walls of these stoves accumulate heat and release it into the room. As already noted, it takes a lot of time to warm up such a stove (depending on the thickness of the masonry). The heat accumulated by the walls is radiated into the room for a long time until the walls cool down.
Convection ovens
Convection oven
Heating with these stoves occurs by heating room air. An excellent option is the Buleryan stove. It heats the room quickly and evenly and can operate for a long time on a full load of fuel (up to 12 hours). However, difficulties may arise with its location, since it requires a considerable distance from nearby objects and walls.
A serious problem in using Buleryan-type stoves is the formation of condensation in the pipe, which, when heated, can emit an unpleasant odor that penetrates the home.
You can also note the Breneran and Professor Butakov stoves, which also do a good job of heating the room. For convection ovens, chimney insulation is mandatory. It should also be noted that you can install such stoves with your own hands, without resorting to the help of professionals, but you cannot do without the necessary knowledge in this matter.
Boiler equipment in the house
Opening the topic of how to make a heating system with your own hands, it is also worth considering options for heating a house with boiler systems. But since heating a house can be different and the arrangement of each involves its own methods and consists of different aspects, it is also worth keeping in mind stove-type heating.
This type is well suited for a one-story house. But the oven method is not as widespread as it used to be. This technique assumes the presence of large reserves of fuel, and if the house has several rooms, then heating will not occur evenly.
Gas boilers
Returning to boilers, we need to distinguish between several types. In the first place here are gas boilers, which are in great demand and are distinguished by their incredible convenience and simplicity. The installation technology for these cats is the most basic. But, since we are talking about our own home, and some towns, villages or hamlets do not always have gas equipment, the use of a gas boiler may be limited.
Diesel boilers
Next in popularity are diesel boilers. They run on liquid fuel and are configured using a special system, which can be controlled as needed by the owner of the house. The advantages of such boilers are hygiene and ease of use. Also, liquid fuel does not take up much space during storage. The diesel boiler operates autonomously and allows you to heat rooms for weeks. The only drawback is the smell when the product burns.
Electric boilers
Electric boilers will be convenient for those who like cleanliness and compactness. They are convenient and quite simple. Such boilers are in demand among home owners, but are expensive. Just like diesel boilers, they have an autonomous function. Solid fuel boilers have the highest efficiency.
Combination boilers
If you are unsure about any one type of fuel, it is possible to install a combination boiler. This method guarantees continuous operation of the boiler. However, do not forget that the choice primarily depends on the energy carrier and pipes. In this regard, boilers are quite convenient to use, transport and save money. In addition, thanks to boiler equipment, the heat in rooms of any size will remain warm longer, and the heating system in a two-story house with your own hands is more convenient.
When heating a residential building, a do-it-yourself closed heating system can come in handy. Boilers can be classified as such a system. But the order of work will be as follows: installation, pipe routing, hanging heating registers. This sequence is necessary in order not to make mistakes. The system has minimal costs and, thanks to the uniform circulation of the pump, the room will warm up faster.
Solving the heating problem
The operating principle of water heating is not complicated. The design consists of a heating device, pipes and heating devices, which are closed into a single system.
The heating boiler creates the required temperature of the coolant, which uses water or antifreeze. The heated coolant moves through the pipeline to radiators, which are installed in heated rooms. The latter transfer the resulting heat into the atmosphere of the room, thereby warming it up. The coolant that has given off heat, moving through the pipes, returns to the boiler, where it is heated again. Then the cycle repeats.
Depending on the method of moving the coolant, the heating system can be with natural or forced circulation.
Coolant circulation system
Natural circulation
The operation of the heating system is based on the difference in density of heated and cold liquid. The heated coolant has less mass, so it moves upward when moving through the pipes. As it moves, the temperature decreases and the density of the substance decreases, so it tends downward when returning to the boiler.
The operation of the heating system in this case does not depend on electricity, which makes it completely autonomous. In addition, the design of such heating is significantly simplified.
The disadvantage of such a heating system is the significant length of the pipeline, as well as the need to use large diameter pipes. This circumstance increases the cost of the structure.
In addition, in this case it is necessary to create a pipe slope and there is no possibility of using modern heating devices.
Forced circulation
When creating a heating system in a country house with forced circulation of coolant, a pump is included in the circuit, creating pressure. Also, such a design provides for the installation of an expansion tank, which is necessary to remove excess fluid in the system. The design of the tank can be open or closed. Using the second option is preferable, since evaporation losses are eliminated. If the coolant is a non-freezing solution, then the tank must have a closed design. A pressure gauge is installed to control the pressure.
If such a heating design is used, it becomes possible to use less coolant, reduce the length of the pipeline and reduce the diameter of the pipes. The temperature can be adjusted in each heating device individually.
The circulation pump requires an electrical connection. Otherwise, the system will not work.
Do-it-yourself schemes and installation of water heating
Do you think that such work can only be entrusted to professionals?
Of course, installing a wood-burning stove in the house or setting up a fireplace in the countryside seems much easier. However, spend a few evenings studying the theoretical part, and you will be surprised to notice that making such heating yourself is quite possible. An additional bonus for you will be that literally every centimeter will be familiar to you inside the water heating system, and if necessary, you can easily replace failed parts with your own hands. Heating using liquid circulating in the system is recognized as the most beneficial for low-rise buildings. Let's look at how to make water heating, what materials and equipment will be needed, and how to install it correctly.
What is required for installation?
We will need:
- boiler or oven;
- pipes;
- radiators;
- expansion tank;
- standard set of installation tools.
Before purchasing all this, it is worth understanding how water heating works and developing a plan for heating your home or cottage. The diagram looks like this: the coolant heated by the boiler (it can be water or a special mixture) enters the radiators, in which it cools, giving off heat to the room. Schematic diagram of water heating
The cool coolant returns to the boiler, where it heats up again. Due to such continuous cycles, your room is heated. Water heating systems are divided into natural and forced. By choosing the first option, you will be independent of electricity to operate the pump. The movement of liquid through the system occurs due to the laws of physics - the hot coolant expands and rushes upward, and, having lowered the temperature, it decreases in volume and falls down. With natural circulation, it is necessary to maintain a slope of all pipes of at least 2 degrees (ideally 3-5), avoid pipes of small cross-section (40 mm pipes are suitable for the riser, pipes with a cross-section of 22-24 mm can be used for supplying the heating sections).
Natural circulation has serious disadvantages: internal wiring is not allowed - when the water level in the expansion tank decreases, the movement of liquid is difficult. It is also applicable only in cases where the distance along the pipes between the boiler and the farthest radiator does not exceed 20 meters, and the area of the heated room is less than 150 sq.m.
As you can see, natural circulation with its limitations is not always applicable. In a forced system, the flow of coolant is regulated by a circulation pump. Of course, purchasing a pump is an additional financial expense upon purchase and an addition to monthly electricity bills, but look at the advantages - you are spared the need to clearly check the angle of inclination, there is no need to observe a wide cross-section of risers, it is possible to make internal pipe routing and connect , for example, “warm floor”.
Two-pipe heating system
There are two water heating systems - single-circuit and double-circuit. Installation of the first option involves heating only. The second option, in addition to heating, provides the room with hot water and is very convenient in the country, in cases where it is not planned to install a separate source of warm water.
Selecting a heating device
Water heating can be carried out using a gas, electric or solid fuel boiler. If gas is supplied in your area, heating with a gas boiler will be convenient and least expensive. In the absence of gas, electricity and traditional fuels - wood, coal, pellets - can be considered as a heating source. The advantage of a solid fuel stove over an electric boiler is obvious - the cost of operation. The use of electric heating in a dacha is fully justified if you are not there every day in cold weather and, accordingly, do not have the opportunity to control daily fuel or gas loads.
Water heating is not practical for a small private house, since it is more practical to simply hang electric radiators.
And for a large house, using electricity to heat the coolant may be incompatible with the simultaneous operation of other electrical appliances.
Therefore, your choice for water heating of a private house or heating supply in a country house will almost certainly be between a gas and solid fuel boiler (stove). If connecting and operating a gas boiler requires calling a specialist, then you can actually handle the installation of the stove on your own. Some stoves come with a cooking range, so when choosing a stove, consider whether it will be convenient for you to heat and cook at the same time.
When calculating the power of a heating device, you can be guided by the following rule - per 10 sq.m. the premises account for 1 kW of boiler power. It is worth considering even those rooms that do not have a radiator (for example, storage rooms). The power of the heating device is equal to or slightly less than the sum of the powers of all sections.
Installing heating: diagram and procedure
Do-it-yourself water heating is carried out according to a clear action plan. So, you have drawn a diagram of a private house, future batteries are marked on it, the length of the pipes has been calculated, you have already decided on the heating system of the house, you have studied the video and are ready to begin construction work with your own hands. If possible, the system of sections should be wider than the window unit. However, in practice this is not always followed. If the windows of a private house do not allow cold air to enter the room, then the total length of all sections may be less than the window. Installation of radiators is carried out precisely at the level and always below the window opening. Beauty is, of course, important, but not paramount. An accidental slope, even a small one, will create the effect of an underground river - the murmur of liquid will be heard from the side of the raised edge. Therefore, check the installation with a level. It is important to maintain distances from the floor and from the walls. The ideal distance from the battery to the wall is 3-5 m, and to the floor - no more than 10 cm. To remove accidentally trapped air, it is worth installing a valve or Mayevsky tap. A groove is connected to the hung radiators. Calculate so that there is a groove 4-6 mm deep from the fitting to the edge - when heated, the pipe may expand. Use lengths less than 10 meters or weld in bends to accommodate thermal expansion. There are options for using copper or stainless steel pipes, but reinforced polypropylene pipes have proven themselves most well in the price-quality combination. They are relatively inexpensive and easy to install. There are different models for connecting radiators that conduct water heat supply. The lower scheme (inlet and outlet are connected to the lower branch pipes of the sections), it is fraught with heat loss of 12-15% and uneven heating of the batteries. It should be taken into account when there is a risk of sand and suspended matter getting into the system - they will be carried into the mud filter.
With a one-way connection, the inlet is mounted to the top of the section, and the return is mounted to the bottom of the same section. With this connection, all sections are heated evenly. If the number of sections is significant, then it is optimal to use a diagonal connection. It differs from one-sided in that the outlet is mounted to the bottom of the opposite section. When the connection diagram for the heating radiator sections is clear, we proceed to installing the pipe system. Of course, it’s worth watching the installation video and practicing on the scraps left after the installation of the pipe in the groove is completed. We melt the pipe and fitting with a soldering iron heated to 260 degrees. The alignment must be done by pressing the smaller section into the larger one.
When combining, rotation should be avoided; this will negatively affect the strength of the connection. After completing installation of the system, you can test its performance. Do not forget that for the first start-up of a gas heating boiler you need a specialist, and it is quite acceptable to start the furnace yourself. Before closing the internal heating wiring, you should make sure that the drawn diagram is fully implemented, the seams are not leaking, expansion from heating does not create additional pressure on the walls of the groove, and no murmur is heard in the system.
You can try raising and lowering the heating temperature, checking for leaks, bends or noises.
The installation of the heating system is now complete. Now is the time to start decorating the interior of the room. It is important to remember that heating should be designed at the stage of building a house. During operation, all fire safety standards must be observed. High-quality heating of the house to comfortable levels is only possible when heat loss through windows and walls is minimized. The above installation diagram for water heating will allow you to carry out work in the house even without experience. It is quite possible for any owner to create water heating in a house or country house with his own hands.
Heating systems for a summer residence - choosing boilers
If you go to any specialized store and ask a consultant about heating systems for a summer residence, you will hear a very long lecture on the topic of heating in a private home with a bunch of options and “ideal proposals.”
There are several factors here, based on which you should look for the answer to the question - what kind of heating should you use in your dacha?
- Distance from vital lines and communications (power lines, gas mains, boiler room, etc.);
- Distance from the city and gas stations;
- You also need to find out for yourself how often you will live/vacate at the dacha - come once a month or have a permanent place of residence.
Gas boilers
Floor model of a gas device
One of the most common and affordable options for those who spend most of their free time in the country. Such boilers are installed in the country only if there is a gas pipeline nearby. When choosing a boiler, carefully read the safety precautions - gas is not a toy!
Diesel fuel boilers
Heating system operating on diesel fuel
Diesel fueled units are another good option for those who love outdoor recreation with increased comfort. If desired, you can assemble such a system yourself, but for this you need to have the skills of a mechanic. But if you are not a general specialist and decide to heat your garden house solely to increase the comfort of your recreation area, then it will be easier to buy it.
The advantages of such units are as follows:
- High power levels;
- Diesel oil is actually cheaper than electricity;
Flaws:
- In order to install such a boiler, it is necessary to look for a separate room for storing fuel (bunker);
- It will be necessary to additionally equip the system with a powerful hood and chimney;
- Constant worries about fuel supplies;
- If there is a power outage, you will have to urgently call emergency services.
In general, heating a garden house should not be so difficult - diesel boilers are installed only by those who do not dig in the beds. Exhaust gases negatively affect your planted vegetables and flowers, and in order not to get stuck by your wife, it is better to abandon this method of heating.
Electric boilers
Electric wall model
The easiest to assemble with your own hands - you only need to make heating elements (or buy) and find a boiler in which the water entering the water supply and heating radiators will be heated. Don't forget about the pump, which will create pressure to supply water through the pipes.
If you do everything wisely, then with such heating you will be able to save a lot. This type of boiler is ideal for heating a rural house, as it is extremely easy to operate and less fire hazardous than other systems.
Electric boiler design
Combined models
Combined heating unit
Due to the high demand for heating equipment in our country and the high risks during operation (sensors and the boiler itself are quite expensive, and can easily fail due to constant power surges or unscheduled shutdowns), boiler manufacturers found a solution and launched the production of combined models.
These units are made of thick sheet metal, the thickness of which sometimes reaches 3 cm. Installing heating in a dacha is a rather delicate process due to the instability of the supply of fuel resources (water will be turned off, electricity will be turned off, or the gas pipeline will be suspended for repairs).
Combined models of boilers for heating a private home combine electric-wood or gas-wood systems, which, in the event of a power supply failure, switch to emergency power supply with solid fuel (wood and briquettes). In fact, this is the most acceptable option than all of the above models, and if you have the means and have the desire to turn your dacha into a luxurious vacation spot, go for it!
Device technology
So, installing a heating system in a private house involves not only direct work with pipes and radiators, but also some preparatory work. In general, it must be said that preparatory work will be done at each stage, but there is also work that needs to be done before constructing the entire system as a whole.
What should you cook?
Indeed, what work needs to be done before starting heating installation in a private house? At this point it should be the following:
- Radiator mounting locations have been selected and marked. That is, it should already be known where to place it, how much to place it, under which windows, at what level, and so on;
- The type of radiators has been selected, that is, their variety according to the material of production, the method of adjustment or the possibility of such adjustment, and so on;
- The size of the radiators has been calculated, that is, it should already be known in which room, how many heating sections there will be, and so on;
- All shaped elements were purchased;
- All necessary tools for the job have been prepared or purchased.
Home heating system
Advice! When making a purchase, you should take into account some production losses, which, as a rule, are taken at the rate of 10 percent of the total quantity.
This means that, optimally, it is necessary to purchase 10 percent more of all parts than was calculated.
First stage
This stage is the marking stage. First, you pick up the diagram. Here you can see how the pipes pass through the walls. Therefore, the first thing you need to do is mark the places where the pipes will be laid on the walls with your own hands. As for radiators, their mounting locations should be designated in advance, as already noted.
In addition to marks in the walls, it is necessary to make marks for the pipe fastening elements. As a rule, the lower line runs a couple of centimeters above the floor level, that is, immediately above the baseboard. When marking, it is necessary to take into account that the fastening step for plastic pipes should be no more than 50 cm.
Next, you should designate the place where the drain pipe will be discharged if the system is not completely closed. It is also necessary to mark the installation locations of the heating boiler and other elements.
Second phase
At this stage, the direct installation of the heating system begins.
First you need to make holes for pipes and radiators, more precisely for the radiator mounting elements. If we are talking about concrete walls, then you will need a hammer drill with special drills. For wooden walls, a regular drill will be sufficient.
Options for connecting pipes to radiators
It must be said that wooden walls are drilled only to pass pipes through them. The clips will be attached to them with self-tapping screws.
Advice! When pulling pipes through the walls, their ends must be plugged with something to prevent dust and dirt from getting inside.
It often turns out that the length of the pipes simply does not allow them to be pulled through the holes. In this case, the elements are cut, but you need to think in advance about the best place to do this.
Third stage
So, at the third stage, you need to mark with your own hands the places where the mounting hardware for the radiators will be installed. Since the installation locations for these radiators have already been marked, now all that remains is to mark the mounting locations for the brackets.
Here it must be said that an ordinary cast-iron radiator is mounted on paired brackets, that is, one below and one above. There can be two, three, or more such pairs, depending on the number of sections.
To speed up this work, it is necessary to make a blank. It can be represented by a board showing the installation levels of the upper and lower brackets.
All sectional batteries must be mounted so that the brackets are located at least between the first and second sections on each side. In the case where the number of such sections exceeds ten, an additional pair of mounting devices for radiators is installed in the middle.
Heat loss due to different connections
Fourth stage
This stage is devoted to the preparation of radiators, after which their installation will be carried out.
In the case where the heating elements are made of aluminum, it is necessary to unscrew the linings. Next, the tow along with the sealant is screwed onto the threaded connection, and the whole thing is screwed back into the battery.
Valves are attached to the couplings. You need to do this using union nuts yourself.
That's it, then the radiators are installed and connected by pipes. The boiler and other elements are installed.
Installation of heated floors
Installation of infrared floor heating does not require any special conditions and can be carried out both in warm and cold seasons. Installation work does not require special skills and is easy and simple. First you need to buy infrared film, hydro- and thermal insulation, a thermostatic block and covering material; the best option is laminate.
The installation proceeds as follows:
- the floor surface is cleaned and leveled;
- the thermostat is installed so that it is convenient to use;
- thermal insulation is laid and secured with mounting tape;
- the strips are laid according to the instructions in the instructions, the surface in the places where the furniture is placed is not lined;
- pieces of film are fastened together, and the cut points are isolated with bitumen tape;
- power supply is connected to the heating elements, and from it to the temperature control unit;
- the system is tested for readiness for operation;
- waterproofing is laid, and a floor covering of your choice is placed on it: laminate, carpet or another option.
Infrared heating
The simplest and most affordable version of the system, suitable for doing it yourself. IR heaters only produce thermal radiation aimed at warming objects, which then transfer thermal energy to the air. The design is extremely simple in design, it includes a heating element (heater), thermostat, and sensor.
Main advantages:
- The service life of the equipment is more than 25 years.
- Installation on rigid mounts, on the floor, on walls. The fixation is immediate, and if you choose decorated or designer options, the aesthetics of the country house will not deteriorate.
- Equipment reliability. IR heaters can be left on for a long time, including in the absence of the owners, they will warm the room without causing the risk of a fire.
- Efficiency of heating the room. The intensity of the rays allows you to feel the warmth within 15-20 minutes.
- Versatility. The devices are used in rooms of any type, including those with high levels of humidity, in the presence of cracks and other deficiencies in the insulation of the building. The peculiarity of IR heaters is that objects are heated, no more than 10% of energy is spent on heating the air, so the heat does not go anywhere.
There are ceiling, wall, floor and film devices. Ceiling ones are most often produced in large sizes, wall ones are smaller in size and are mounted in niches under the windows, opposite the doors. Floor-standing ones are considered the most mobile and can be easily transported. As for film, this is an infrared film that is installed under the finishing of walls, floors or ceilings. All types of equipment are supplemented with regulators and thermostats.
When choosing between a heater and an infrared convector, it is important to know that the former are capable of quickly raising the temperature in a certain area, while the latter are designed for constant heating of rooms. Heaters can be installed in the bathroom, convectors cannot, and besides, heaters consume less electricity than convectors
Using electricity
Today there are several options that allow you to arrange high-quality heating of a country house with your own hands. They provide the creation of a warm atmosphere in a short time. At the same time, the costs of maintaining it are minimal. When using them, various energy carriers are used. To make the right choice, you need to familiarize yourself with the main methods of heating a country home, which will allow you to choose the most suitable one.
Although today active work is being carried out to lay gas pipelines, many areas are still deprived of access to “blue” fuel. But almost all dachas are electrified. Therefore, when choosing a suitable heating method, you should stop considering gas-powered systems and take a closer look at equipment that produces heat using electrical energy.
The main advantages of such installations are the speed and low cost of the installation procedure. The cost of the devices themselves for creating a comfortable temperature is insignificant, and their reliability during operation is high.
Heaters and convectors
It is enough to install several electrical devices in the rooms, and you can easily solve the problem of creating a comfortable microclimate in a country house. In addition, their operating efficiency is quite high: efficiency can reach 99%. This is much higher than when using any type of fuel. The stores offer a large selection of heating units powered by electricity.
Among the many types of heaters, you can choose the one that suits you best.
To get efficient heating in a country house with your own hands, you need to choose the right unit. This will eliminate the problem of discomfort in the cottage in winter.
The best choice for a summer cottage would be:
- convectors and fan heaters;
- oil radiators;
- infrared heating systems;
- water heating with electric boiler.
Electric fan heaters and convectors have as their main advantage the rapid heating of rooms. Oil radiators require more time for this. However, the cooling process of these devices will also be lengthy. All these devices have in common that during operation they heat the air. There are no installation costs.
The only exception is wall-mounted convectors. In this case, you will have to resort to the services of specialists for high-quality installation. This technique can withstand even harsh conditions well. Its performance and reliability are not affected by this factor. If we talk about maintenance of such devices, it comes down to regular cleaning.
In this video you will learn about the intricacies of heating in a country house:
Infrared heating
Infrared heating devices are less popular, but are also used to create a comfortable atmosphere in the country. They heat not the air masses in the rooms, but objects. It is the heat emanating from these objects that leads to an increase in temperature. The main disadvantage that discourages their use in a garden house is the high cost of the equipment itself.
Infrared heaters help instantly heat up a room
The only exception is portable IR heaters. To feel the heat from such a device, you must be within the radiator's coverage area. Its area of influence is limited. However, the use of this option for heating the cottage does not lead to headaches for residents and does not worsen their well-being.
Floor solutions
Do-it-yourself country heating can provide a warm atmosphere in your home if you use a cable or film floor powered by electricity when creating it. These systems allow you to create comfort in rooms in a short time. However, in this case, the main costs will be associated with the purchase of heating elements and their high-quality installation under the floor covering. Their important advantage is that such equipment is insensitive to negative temperatures, and this factor is not able to affect the performance of the system.
Warm floors will help owners always feel comfortable
Disadvantages include prolonged heating of the room, as well as the inability to heat water. To do this, you will need to separately purchase and install an electric boiler or place a water heater in your dacha.
Heating a private house with gas:
Water system
The most convenient method of heating is a water system based on an electric boiler. The main negative aspect of such heating is the serious financial costs of the device. Its disadvantage is the prolonged heating of the air in the rooms.
If a situation arises when the owner is absent from the dacha for a long time, then there is a threat of the system defrosting. However, if in addition to the boiler you also install a small boiler, then hot water for household needs will be available at any time in your garden dwelling. When using this heating method, you can eliminate the risk of defrosting in winter by pouring antifreeze into the radiators. Then even in severe frosts it will work effectively.
Regardless of the chosen option for heating with electricity, the main disadvantages will be the following: high costs for paying for electricity, as well as restrictions on its consumption. Each type of heater has its own advantages and disadvantages. The owner of the building must make the choice in favor of a suitable one himself, taking into account the characteristics of the home and personal needs.
Tips for installing a home heating system
The heating installation begins with the installation of radiators in pre-prepared places under windows or on corner external walls. The devices are hung on special hooks attached to the structure itself or the plasterboard finish. The unused lower outlet of the radiator is closed with a plug, and a Mayevsky valve is screwed in from above.
The pipeline network is installed according to the assembly technology of certain plastic pipes. To protect you from mistakes, here are some general recommendations:
- When installing polypropylene, take into account the thermal elongation of pipes. When turning, the knee should not rest against the wall, otherwise, after starting the heating, the line will bend like a saber.
- It is better to lay the wiring in an open way (excluding collector circuits). Try not to hide the joints behind the sheathing or embed them in the screed; use them to secure pipes.
- Mains and connections located inside the cement screed must be protected with a layer of thermal insulation.
- If for any reason a loop has formed in the pipeline, facing upward, install an automatic air vent on it.
- It is advisable to install horizontal sections with a slight slope (1-2 mm per linear meter) for better emptying and removal of air bubbles. Gravity flow schemes provide for slopes from 3 to 10 mm per 1 m.p.
- Place the membrane expansion tank on the return line near the boiler. Provide a valve to shut off the container in the event of a malfunction.
Self-installation
When considering the question of how to make heating with your own hands, you can often become wary in certain matters. This is an absolutely normal reaction to DIY work, because mistakes in this matter can be very costly for the home owner. Preparing calculations and choosing equipment often become the most difficult stages in preparing for independent heating, rather than connecting the equipment and the process of running the line.
Since it will be more difficult to make heating in the house yourself, it is worth dividing the work process into stages:
- determining all the capabilities of the building, structural features, family needs, carrying out calculations and choosing the type and design of equipment;
- creation of a project, estimate and technical reference;
- installation of a heating boiler, water heater, expansion tank, circulation pump, heating radiators, generalization of heating equipment and creation of a single circuit of the entire heating system;
- work and adjustments when starting the system.
The last point is no less difficult in the entire list of planned work. Having completed the design with your own hands, the heating system can be checked by experts in this matter, just like the development of a detailed plan if difficulties arise at this stage. In any case, the choice of how the work will be carried out remains with the owner of the house.
The success of heating installation work directly depends on the knowledge of the intended employee.
You can install the heating system of a private house yourself, understanding the operating systems of the entire heating process, as well as understanding the interaction of all elements with each other. You can learn the installation process yourself by watching training videos. This is a fairly economical method of studying, clearly showing what the repair should look like.
